9.2 Flashcards
Spinal cord: Located where and protected by what?
Vertebral canal
Vertebral ligaments, column, meninges, and CSF
What are the 3 layers of the Meninges?
Duramater
Arachnoid
(subarachnoid)
Pia mater
What populates the subarachnoid space?
CSF
Spinal cord extends from ____ to _____
Medulla oblongata- L2
What are the two hemispheres of the spinal cord?
Posterior median Sulcus
Anterior median Fissure
Two bundles of axons that connect each spinal nerve to a segments of the spinal cord.
Root
Root that contains sensory axons that conduct nerve impulses from sensory receptors (afferent)
Posterior
Root that contains axons of Motor neurons, that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to the effectors.
Anterior
In the spinal cord, White matter and gray matter do what?
White - transmits impulse
Gray- Receives impulse
Gray matter has 3 horns, name them.
Posterior, anterior, lateral gray horn
Gray Horn: Cell bodies, axons of interneurons and sensory neurons
Posterior gray horn
Gray Horn: Somatic motor neurons
Anterior Gray horn
Gray Horn: Only seen in Thoracic and upper lumbar, Autonomic motor neurons, regulate cardiac muscle, smooth, and glands
Lateral Gray horns
Two types of reflexes in the nervous system
Spinal- IE DTR’s
Cranial- IE Cranial nerve reflex testing
Where are the 31 spinal nerves?
C- 8
T- 12
L- 5
S- 5
C- 1
Each spinal nerve has layers of protections, name them from inner to outer
endoneurium
Fascicle (bundle around axon)
perineurium (wrap the fascicles)
Epineurium (most outer cover)
Cervical plexus locations
Neck, head, shoulders, diaphragm
Brachial plexus locations
Upper limbs, neck and shoulders
Lumbar Plexus locations-
Abdominal walls, genitals, lower limbs
Sacral plexus locations
Buttocks, most of legs, perineum(gooch)
What in the brain is a circulatory anastomosis and stems from the two carotid arteries?
Circle of Willis
What materials are allowed to go through the blood brain barrier?
Lipid soluble materials ie 02, co2, alcohol, anesthesia,
What does CSF do? Where does it circulate?
Cushions, supplies o2, glucose, and removes waste
Through the cavities in the brain (ventricles)
Subarachnoid space
Components: Brain Stem
Medulla Oblongota, Pons, Midbrain
