Organic Compounds - Naming

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon

Answer 1

A compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Question 2

What is general formula?

Answer 2

A formula that states the ratio of atoms in each element in the formula of every compound in a particular homologous series. Eg C3H8

Question 3

STRUCTURAL FORMULA?

Answer 3

CONDENSED REPRESENTATION THAT SHOWS THE SYMBOLS FOR EACH ATOM IN A COMPOUND, WITH STRAIGHT LINES JOINING THEM TO REPRESENT THE COVALENT BONDS. H H H | | | H - C - C - C -H | | | H H H

Question 4

DISPLAYED FORMULA?

Answer 4

GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION THAT SHOWS THE SYMBOLS FOR EACH ATOM IN A COMPOUND, WITH STRAIGHT LINES JOINING THEM TO REPRESENT THE COVALENT BONDS - CH3CH2CH

Question 5

Complete combustion?

Answer 5

Complete combustion occurs when there is excess oxygen so water and carbon dioxide form e.g: CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Question 6

Incomplete combustion?

Answer 6

Incomplete combustion occurs when there is insufficient oxygen to burn so either carbon monoxide and water or carbon and water form e.g: 2CH4 + 3O2 → 2CO + 4H2O CH4 + O2 → C + 2H2O

Question 7

Names of compounds

Answer 7

The names of organic compounds have two parts: the prefix or stem and the end part (or suffix) • The prefix tells you how many carbon atoms are present in the longest continuous chain in the compound • The suffix tells you what functional group is on the compound.

Question 8

Name and chemical formulae for first two alkanes

Answer 8

Methane CH4 Ethane C2H6

Question 9

Displayed formula for first two alkanes

Answer 9

Question 10

Fuctional group?

Answer 10

The atom or group of atoms responsible for the characterstic reaction of an organic compount.

Question 11

Name and formula of Compounds

Answer 11

Question 12

Structures

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

1) Ethanol
2) Ethene

Question 14

Write the chemical and displayed formulae of ethanoic acid?

Answer 14

Chemical formula: CH3COOH

Displayed formula:

Question 15

Name the first four alkanes and the first three alkenes?

Answer 15

Alkanes: - Methane - Ethane - Propane - Butane
Alkenes: - Ethene - Propene - Butene

Question 16

Name the first four alcohols and carboxylic acids?

Answer 16

• *Alcohols:** - Methanol - Ethanol - Propanol - Butanol
• *Carboxylic acids:** - Methanoic acid - Ethanoic acid - Propanoic acid - Butanoic acid

Question 17

Draw the displayed formula of propanol and propanoic acid.

Answer 17

Question 18

Name of element

Answer 18

Name: Butanol Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH2CH2OH (or C4H9OH)

Question 19

What type of compound has the molecular formula C3H6O2 ?

Answer 19

Carboxylic acid

C3H6O2 is propanoic acid

Question 20

How is an ester formed? Write a general equation for the reaction that produces an ester?

Answer 20

An ester is formed when a carboxylic acid and alcohol are reacted together. Alcohol + carboxylic acid → ester + water

Question 21

How do you name esters?

Answer 21

(Prefix of the alcohol)-yl + (name of carboxylic acid minus ‘oic acid’)-anoate. E.g. An ester formed from propanol and ethanoic acid would be propyl ethanoate.

Question 22

Alkanes - Structure and Formulae

Answer 22

Question 23

Alkenes

Answer 23

Question 24

Alcohols

Answer 24

Question 25

Carboxylic acids

Answer 25

Question 26

Esters

Answer 26

Question 27

Draw the displayed formula of ethyl ethanoate

Answer 27