9.1 Production of Materials Flashcards
Acid + Base —> ?
Salt + Water
Acid + Metal –> ?
Salt + Hydrogen Gas
Acid + Carbonate –> ?
Carbon Dioxide Gas + Salt + Water
Complete Combustion General Equation
Hydrocarbon + Oxygen –> Water + Carbon Dioxide
Hydration of Ethylene Equation
C2H4 (g) + H2O (l) (in the presence of H3PO4 - phosphoric acid) –>
C2H5OH (l)
Alkane Defintion and Formula
An alkane is a hydrocarbon with ONLY single bonds between the carbons.
Formula: CnH2n+2
Alkene Defintion and Formula
An alkene is a hydrocarbon with 1 or MORE double bonds between carbons.
Formula: CnH2n
Definition of Polymerisation
Polymerisation is the chemical reaction in which many identical small molecules combine to form one very large molecule.
Definition of Addition Polymerisation
In an addition polymerisation reaction, no additional molecules (e.g. water) are produced - there is no gain or loss of atoms, the double bonds simply ‘opens’ and monomers attached.
Example: Polyethylene is an addition polymer as the ethylene molecules combine with each other in the following way.
Definition of an Electrode
An electrode is anything through which electrical current passes; in the context of galvanic cells, they are the metal conductors placed in the electrolytes.
Definition of an Electrolyte
An electrolyte is any solution that can conduct electricity; all salt solutions are electrolytes (but not all salts are soluble).
Definition of Isotope
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of NEUTRONS but they have the same number of protons.
Alpha Decay
Alpha radiation is made of ‘helium nuclei’ (2 protons and 2 neutrons) that are ejected from unstable large nuclei (too heavy).
Example:
