9.1: First Hop Redundancy Protocols

Question 1

If a router or router interface (that serves as a default gateway) fails, the hosts configured with that default gateway are ___from outside networks

Answer 1

isolated

Question 2

The ____ mechanism is needed to provide alternate default gateways in switched networks where two or more routers are connected to the same VLANs.

Answer 2

first hop redundancy protocols (FHRPs)

Question 3

In a switched network, how many default gateways does each client receive?

Answer 3

Only one

Question 4

True or false
There is a way to use a secondary gateway, even if a second path exists to carry packets off the local segment.

Answer 4

There is no way to use a secondary gateway, even if a second path exists to carry packets off the local segment.

Question 5

Even if a redundant router exists that could serve as a default gateway for that segment, there is no __method by which these devices can determine the address of a new default gateway.

Answer 5

dynamic

Question 6

One way to prevent a single point of failure at the default gateway is to implement a ___.

Answer 6

virtual router

Question 7

To implement this type of router redundancy, multiple routers are configured to work together to present the illusion of a ___ router to the hosts on the LAN, as shown in the figure.

Answer 7

single

Question 8

By sharing an ___ and a ____, two or more routers can act as a single virtual router.

Answer 8

IP address
MAC address

Question 9

ROUTER REDUNDANCY PROCESS
1. The ___of the virtual router is configured as the default gateway for the workstations on a specific IPv4 segment

Answer 9

IPv4 address

Question 10

ROUTER REDUNDANCY PROCESS
2. When frames are sent from host devices to the default gateway, the hosts use___ to resolve the MAC address that is associated with the IPv4 address of the default gateway.

Answer 10

ARP

Question 11

ROUTER REDUNDANCY PROCESS
3. The ARP resolution returns the ___ of the virtual router. Frames that are sent to the MAC address of the virtual router can then be physically processed by the currently active router within the virtual router group.

Answer 11

MAC address

Question 12

ROUTER REDUNDANCY PROCESS
4. A protocol is used to identify two or more routers as the devices that are responsible for processing frames that are sent to the MAC or IP address of a__.

Answer 12

single virtual router

Question 13

ROUTER REDUNDANCY PROCESS
5. Host devices send traffic to the address of the virtual router. The physical router that forwards this traffic is ____to the host devices.

Answer 13

transparent

Question 14

ROUTER REDUNDANCY PROCESS
6. A ___ protocol provides the mechanism for determining which router should take the active role in forwarding traffic. It also determines when the forwarding role must be taken over by a standby router. The transition from one forwarding router to another is transparent to the end devices.

Answer 14

redundancy

Question 15

ROUTER REDUNDANCY PROCESS
The ability of a network to dynamically recover from the failure of a device acting as a default gateway is known as ___.

Answer 15

first-hop redundancy

Question 16

STEPS FOR ROUTER FAILOVER
When the active router fails, the redundancy protocol transitions the ____router to the new active router role

Answer 16

standby

Question 17

STEPS FOR ROUTER FAILOVER
1. The standby router stops seeing ___ messages from the forwarding router.

Answer 17

Hello

Question 18

STEPS FOR ROUTER FAILOVER
2. The standby router assumes the role of the ___ router.

Answer 18

forwarding

Question 19

STEPS FOR ROUTER FAILOVER
3. Because the new forwarding router assumes both the ___ of the virtual router, the host devices see no disruption in service.

Answer 19

IPv4 and MAC addresses

Question 20

FHRP OPTIONS

___is a Cisco-proprietary FHRP that is designed to allow for transparent failover of a first-hop IPv4 device.

Answer 20

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)

Question 21

FHRP OPTIONS
____provides high network availability by providing first-hop routing redundancy for IPv4 hosts on networks configured with an IPv4 default gateway address.

Answer 21

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)

Question 22

FHRP OPTIONS
HSRP is used in a group of routers for selecting an ___

Answer 22

active device and a standby device

Question 23

In a group of device interfaces, the ___ is the device that is used for routing packets

Answer 23

active device

Question 24

In a group of device interfaces, the __ is the device that takes over when the active device fails, or when pre-set conditions are met.

Answer 24

standby device

Question 25

The function of the HSRP standby router is to monitor the operational status of the HSRP group and to quickly assume ___responsibility if the active router fails.

Answer 25

packet-forwarding

Question 26

FHRP OPTIONS
This is a Cisco-proprietary FHRP that provides the same functionality of HSRP, but in an IPv6 environment.

Answer 26

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) for IPv6

Question 27

FHRP OPTIONS
An HSRP IPv6 group has a virtual MAC address derived from the __and a virtual IPv6 link-local address derived from the_____

Answer 27

HSRP group number
HSRP virtual MAC address

Question 28

FHRP OPTIONS
Periodic ___are sent for the HSRP virtual IPv6 link-local address when the HSRP group is active.

Answer 28

router advertisements (RAs)

Question 29

HSRP for IPv6: When the group becomes inactive, these RAs stop after a ___.

Answer 29

final RA is sent

Question 30

FHRP OPTIONS
This is a non-proprietary election protocol that dynamically assigns responsibility for one or more virtual routers to the VRRP routers on an IPv4 LAN.

Answer 30

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol version 2 (VRRPv2)

Question 31

FHRP OPTIONS
This provides the capability to support IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. This works in multi-vendor environments and is more scalable than VRRPv2.

Answer 31

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol version 3 (VRRPv3)

Question 32

FHRP OPTIONS
This is a Cisco-proprietary FHRP that protects data traffic from a failed router or circuit, like HSRP and VRRP, while also allowing load balancing (also called load sharing) between a group of redundant routers.

Answer 32

Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)

Question 33

FHRP OPTIONS
This is a Cisco-proprietary FHRP that provides the same functionality of GLBP, but in an IPv6 environment.

Answer 33

Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP) for IPv6

Question 34

FHRP OPTIONS
____ provides automatic router backup for IPv6 hosts configured with a single default gateway on a LAN.

Answer 34

GLBP for IPv6

Question 35

FHRP OPTIONS
GLBP for IPv6: Multiple first-hop routers on the LAN combine to offer a single virtual first-hop IPv6 router while sharing the ___.

Answer 35

IPv6 packet forwarding load

Question 36

FHRP OPTIONS
Specified in RFC 1256, ___ is a legacy FHRP solution

Answer 36

ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP)

Question 37

FHRP OPTIONS
___ allows IPv4 hosts to locate routers that provide IPv4 connectivity to other (nonlocal) IP networks.

Answer 37

ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP)

Question 38

FHRP OPTIONS
___ allows IPv4 hosts to locate routers that provide IPv4 connectivity to other (nonlocal) IP networks.

Answer 38

ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP)