9.1 + 9.2 Flashcards
What are the primart stages of the cell cycle?
Interpase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis.
What is Interphase?
stage during which the cells grow, carries out cellular function, and replicates its DNA.
What are the stages of iterphase?
G1, S, and G2
What happens in mitosis?
The cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide. It has 4 substages.
What are the 4 substages of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase, or P.M.A.T
What is prophase?
Prophase is the first and longest stage of mitosis. Cell’s chromatin tightens/condenses into chromosomes.
what is a sister chromatid?
Sister chromatids are structures that contain identical copies of DNA.
what dose a spindle apparatus do?
The spindle apparatus attaches to each of the sister chromatids before cell division. Moves and organizes the chromosomes before cell division.
what is metaphase?
The second stage of mitosis and the shortest phase. Sister chromatids are pulled along the spindle apparatus toward the center of the cell and line up in the middle of the cell.
what is the anaphase?
During anaphase, the chromatids pull apart. The microtubules of the spindle apparatus begin to shorten. The sister chromatids separate. The chromosomes move toward the poles of the cell.
what is the Telophase?
Telophase is when the chromosomes arrive at the poles and begin to decondense. Two new nuclear membranes begin to form and the nucleoli reappear. The spindle apparatus disassembles.
Why are cells relatively small?
because the smaller the cell is, the bigger the SA to volume ratio
Cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing called the . . .
cell cycle
Chromosomes are …
the structures that contain the genetic material (DNA).
