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Gastrointestinal Week 7 2016/17 > 9: Viral hepatitis > Flashcards

9: Viral hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Name the five Hepatitis viruses.

A

A

B

C

D

E

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2
Q

How is Hepatitis A transmitted?

A

Faecal - oral

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3
Q

Poor ___ and overcrowding predispose you to Hepatitis A infection.

A

hygiene

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4
Q

Why are travellers targeted for vaccination against Hepatitis A?

A

Travel to countries with poor sanitation / overcrowding

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5
Q

Hepatitis A infection presents as a(n) (acute/chronic) infection.

A

acute

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6
Q

Is Hepatitis A ever a chronic infection?

A

No

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7
Q

Hepatitis A tends to be ___ in children and ___ in older children / young adults.

A

asymptomatic , symptomatic

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8
Q

The presence of which antibody in the blood confirms Hepatitis A infection?

A

Hepatitis A IgM

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9
Q

Which tropical virus presents like Hepatitis A but has become more common than it in the UK?

A

Hepatitis E

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10
Q

Hepatitis E is thought to be transmitted from animals to humans by ___.

A

zoonosis

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11
Q

Tropical Hepatitis E causes severe disease in ___ women.

A

pregnant

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12
Q

Which virus is only found in association with Hepatitis B infection?

A

Hepatitis D

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13
Q

Hepatitis D exacerbates Hepatitis _ infection.

A

B

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14
Q

How is Hepatitis B transmitted?

A

Sex

Infected mother to child

Blood

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15
Q

Who is at risk of Hepatitis B infection?

A

PWID

People with multiple sexual partners

Children of infected mothers

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16
Q

Hepatitis B can cause ___ infection if the first exposure occurs in childhood.

A

chronic

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17
Q

In which parts of the world is Hepatitis B prevalent?

A

SE Asia

Africa

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18
Q

Which antigen is present in chronic Hepatitis B infection?

How long does an infection need to last to be classed as chronic?

A

HBsAg

6 months+

19
Q

What is done to prevent an at risk individual from getting Hepatitis B?

A

Vaccination

20
Q

Does Hepatitis B have a vaccine?

A

Yes

21
Q

Does Hepatitis C have a vaccine?

A

No

22
Q

Hepatitis C infection usually becomes ___.

A

chronic

23
Q

What percentage of people infected with Hepatitis C go on to become chronically infected?

A

75%

24
Q

Which viral hepatitis is most common in Tayside?

A

Hepatitis C

25
Q

Ideally viral hepatitis patients are ____ before symptoms of chronic liver disease present.

A

diagnosed

26
Q

How many months of infection defines chronic infection?

A

6+ months

27
Q

Hepatitis B patients have the potential to be fight off the virus ___.

A

spontaneously

28
Q

Can chronic Hepatitis C infection be cured spontaneously by the immune system?

A

No

29
Q

How long does it take for cirrhosis to develop after the start of a chronic liver infection?

A

> 20 years

30
Q

How long after the start of a chronic liver infection may cancer develop?

A

> 30 years

31
Q

How is acute viral hepatitis treated?

A

Symptomatically

No antivirals

32
Q

Which cardinal symptom of liver failure should Hepatitis patients be monitored for?

A

Encephalopathy

33
Q

People with acute viral hepatitis should firstly be monitored for spontaneous ___ rather than treating them with antivirals.

A

resolution

34
Q

Who needs to be notified about new cases of acute viral hepatitis?

A

Public Health

35
Q

Which virus, associated with unprotected sex, should be tested for in those with acute viral hepatitis?

A

HIV

36
Q

How is chronic viral hepatitis treated?

A

Antivirals

37
Q

The antiviral used to treat chronic hepatitis depends on the ___ of the virus.

A

genotype

38
Q

People with chronic viral hepatitis are protected against other infections how?

A

Vaccination

39
Q

People with chronic viral hepatitis are advised to stop ___.

A

drinking

40
Q

What is the marker of hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

AFP

(alpha fetoprotein)

41
Q

What is a natural human protein used to treat viral hepatitis?

A

Interferon alpha

as pegylated interferon injections

42
Q

What are some side effects of peginterferon?

A

Flu-like symptoms

Thyroid disease

Autoimmune disease

Psychiatric disease

43
Q

What is an antiviral used in Hepatitis C patients which can cause haemolytic anaemia?

A

Ribavirin

Gastrointestinal Week 7 2016/17 (9 decks)

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