9: Viral hepatitis Flashcards
Name the five Hepatitis viruses.
A
B
C
D
E
How is Hepatitis A transmitted?
Faecal - oral
Poor ___ and overcrowding predispose you to Hepatitis A infection.
hygiene
Why are travellers targeted for vaccination against Hepatitis A?
Travel to countries with poor sanitation / overcrowding
Hepatitis A infection presents as a(n) (acute/chronic) infection.
acute
Is Hepatitis A ever a chronic infection?
No
Hepatitis A tends to be ___ in children and ___ in older children / young adults.
asymptomatic , symptomatic
The presence of which antibody in the blood confirms Hepatitis A infection?
Hepatitis A IgM
Which tropical virus presents like Hepatitis A but has become more common than it in the UK?
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis E is thought to be transmitted from animals to humans by ___.
zoonosis
Tropical Hepatitis E causes severe disease in ___ women.
pregnant
Which virus is only found in association with Hepatitis B infection?
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis D exacerbates Hepatitis _ infection.
B
How is Hepatitis B transmitted?
Sex
Infected mother to child
Blood
Who is at risk of Hepatitis B infection?
PWID
People with multiple sexual partners
Children of infected mothers
Hepatitis B can cause ___ infection if the first exposure occurs in childhood.
chronic
In which parts of the world is Hepatitis B prevalent?
SE Asia
Africa
Which antigen is present in chronic Hepatitis B infection?
How long does an infection need to last to be classed as chronic?
HBsAg
6 months+
What is done to prevent an at risk individual from getting Hepatitis B?
Vaccination
Does Hepatitis B have a vaccine?
Yes
Does Hepatitis C have a vaccine?
No
Hepatitis C infection usually becomes ___.
chronic
What percentage of people infected with Hepatitis C go on to become chronically infected?
75%
Which viral hepatitis is most common in Tayside?
Hepatitis C
Ideally viral hepatitis patients are ____ before symptoms of chronic liver disease present.
diagnosed
How many months of infection defines chronic infection?
6+ months
Hepatitis B patients have the potential to be fight off the virus ___.
spontaneously
Can chronic Hepatitis C infection be cured spontaneously by the immune system?
No
How long does it take for cirrhosis to develop after the start of a chronic liver infection?
> 20 years
How long after the start of a chronic liver infection may cancer develop?
> 30 years
How is acute viral hepatitis treated?
Symptomatically
No antivirals
Which cardinal symptom of liver failure should Hepatitis patients be monitored for?
Encephalopathy
People with acute viral hepatitis should firstly be monitored for spontaneous ___ rather than treating them with antivirals.
resolution
Who needs to be notified about new cases of acute viral hepatitis?
Public Health
Which virus, associated with unprotected sex, should be tested for in those with acute viral hepatitis?
HIV
How is chronic viral hepatitis treated?
Antivirals
The antiviral used to treat chronic hepatitis depends on the ___ of the virus.
genotype
People with chronic viral hepatitis are protected against other infections how?
Vaccination
People with chronic viral hepatitis are advised to stop ___.
drinking
What is the marker of hepatocellular carcinoma?
AFP
(alpha fetoprotein)
What is a natural human protein used to treat viral hepatitis?
Interferon alpha
as pegylated interferon injections
What are some side effects of peginterferon?
Flu-like symptoms
Thyroid disease
Autoimmune disease
Psychiatric disease
What is an antiviral used in Hepatitis C patients which can cause haemolytic anaemia?
Ribavirin
