9 Use of Force

Question 1

War Crimes

Answer 1

Criminal aspects of the laws of war, occurring during armed conflicts:

Examples include torture, willful killing, and extensive destruction of property.

Question 2

Joint Criminal Enterprise

Answer 2

This concept relates to situations where a group of individuals jointly commit a crime, with each member potentially bearing responsibility for the overall crime. It requires a common purpose and shared intent among the participants.

Question 3

The ICTY and ICTR (1993–2017)

Answer 3

These tribunals dealt with crimes committed in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, respectively.

They further advanced the field of international criminal law, particularly regarding genocide and crimes against humanity.

Question 4

Amnesty

Answer 4

Block legal action against individuals commiting crime in the past.

Question 5

Nullum crimen sine lege

Answer 5

Is Latin for “no crime without law.”

Question 6

Inter alia

Answer 6

Refer to international rules and priciples of international law.

Question 7

Genocide

Answer 7

Defined as acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.

Question 8

Crimes Against Humanity

Answer 8

Encompass acts committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population. They include acts like murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, torture, rape, persecution, and enforced disappearance.