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Question 1

UN primary mandate

Answer 1

To end international war, and promote social and economic development.

Ian Hurd, The United Nations: Law and Administration (chapter 3 from International Organizations, 4th edition), 2021, 63-86 and 92-93

Question 2

UN purpose

Answer 2

Maintain International Peace.

Ian Hurd, The United Nations: Law and Administration (chapter 3 from International Organizations, 4th edition), 2021, 63-86 and 92-93

Question 3

UN organs

Answer 3

1. SC
2. GA
3. Secretariat
4. Trusteeship council
5. Economic and social council
6. International court of Justice

Ian Hurd, The United Nations: Law and Administration (chapter 3 from International Organizations, 4th edition), 2021, 63-86 and 92-93

Question 4

International Court of Justice,

Answer 4

Where states brings complaint when other states failed to live up to their obligations.
All states are parties to ICJ (art. 93).

Ian Hurd, The United Nations: Law and Administration (chapter 3 from International Organizations, 4th edition), 2021, 63-86 and 92-93

Question 5

Economic and Social Council

Answer 5

ECOSOC is a subsidary body of GA and initates studies, reports based on HEESC (economic, social cultural and educational, health.)
+ specialized agencies concerned.
Research and store information.

Ian Hurd, The United Nations: Law and Administration (chapter 3 from International Organizations, 4th edition), 2021, 63-86 and 92-93

Question 6

Secretariat

Answer 6

Staff under UN, who are loyal to UN not their home goverments. Carry out formal processes. Puts treaties into the UN database of treaties. Face of the UN
Responsibility:
- Put cases into the UNSC.
- Oversees peacekeeping

Ian Hurd, The United Nations: Law and Administration (chapter 3 from International Organizations, 4th edition), 2021, 63-86 and 92-93

Question 7

Trusteeship Council

Answer 7

Out of function.

Used to oversee non-self govermning terriories, to assist the territory to a free political insitutiaon and self-government (art 73(b))

Oversae Eritrea and Somalia (Italy)

Ian Hurd, The United Nations: Law and Administration (chapter 3 from International Organizations, 4th edition), 2021, 63-86 and 92-93

Question 8

General Assembly

Answer 8

GA Resulutions, no legal right. Shape international Norms. Soft law. Influence enforcement.
Makes pressure on States wanting to look good in the global picture.

Seating arrengement in GA assembly hall. - They draw lots, thereafter alphabetic order.

Selects E10 for UNSC,
Elects judgdes from ICJ.
GA, can send peace operations.

Question 9

How are descisions made in GA

Answer 9

Voting 2/3 (Important quesitions)
More than half majority, other questions.

Question 11

Mandate to review the veto

Answer 11

When a veto has been used, the GA has the mandate to review the veto where the VETO P5 state is ‘invited’ to justify the VETO.

Emma McLean and Adrian Hehir,UN Takes a Step Towards Addressing the ‘Veto Problem’, The Conversation, 27 April 2022

Question 12

Factors hindering UNSC maintaining international security and peace

Answer 12

1) Veto power,
2) Lack of representiveness, (Africa, South America)
3) Lack of enforcement Mechanisms. (weak follow through)
4) The secretariat’s role has been diminished (Resaerch, analysis?)
5) Rise of Alternative Forums.

Question 13

Instant costumary law

Answer 13

When a new concept of practice is discovered (as the space race), from where rules are quickly established. (not widespread and only few states).

Question 14

Especially affected states of costumary law

Answer 14

States more impacted on costumary law has a bigger saying. (terror impacted states example).

Question 15

Jus cogens norms

Answer 15

Central norms that cannot be violated with. A treaty can be based on a jus cogens. The same with costumary law.
It’s not law.

You can’t have a law that violates jus cogens. It can be modified.