9. The Watch, Railroad Time, and Scientific Management

Question 1

Apparent time

Answer 1

• time is local based on longitude

- solar measured

Question 2

Mean time

Answer 2

• represented by clocks and watches

- average of the sun’s daily variations over the course of a year

Question 3

Timetables

Answer 3

• the concept of wasting time is more apparent when you are measuring time more closely

Question 4

Eli Terry’s “pillar-and-scroll” clock

Answer 4

• about 1820
• relatively affordable
• made out wooden interchangeable parts
• not very accurate (off by 3-5 minutes)
• has to be automatically reset

Question 5

Waltham Watch Company Mass-Produced Pocket Watch

Answer 5

• about 1850
• your character is reflected by your reliability, steadiness, accuracy
• ostentatious of using your watch wealth to check your time -> status in society
• having a watch gave you power/control over your life

Question 6

Taylorism

Answer 6

• Frederick Winslow Taylor
  > developed “scientific management” in Principles of Scientific Management (1911)
  # to find the “one best way” to manage workers
  # took the best, most experienced, and fastest workers to study for his time studies
  # resisted by workers because it seemed as though he was doing it to interchange unskilled workers
  # introduced in factories, railroads, banks, etc.