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OPTOM 101G > 9. The Visual Brain > Flashcards

9. The Visual Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Name the sequence of the early visual pathway (7 points!)

A
  1. Retina
  2. Optic nerves
  3. Optic chiasm
  4. Optic tracts
  5. LGN (lateral geniculate nuclei)
  6. Optic radiations
  7. Primary visual cortex

What is this?

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2
Q

At the optic chiasm, fibres on _______________

A

At ______________, fibres on nasal sides cross (fibres on temporal sides stay on the original sides).

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3
Q

The image we see in our ___________ is mapped onto our retina. The image in the eye is ___________, so everything we see in our __________ falls on the right side of the retina in both eyes.

A

The image we see in our visual field is mapped onto _____________. The ____________ is reversed, so everything we see in our left visual field falls on the _____________ in both eyes.

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4
Q

In the optic tract, the how are the visual fields represented?

A

In the ___________, the right visual field is in the left hemisphere, and the left visual field is in the right hemisphere.

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5
Q

The Primary visual cortex (V1) contains a _______________________.

A

_____________ contains a map of half of the visual field in each hemisphere.

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6
Q

Retinatopic map

A

A map of individual points on the retina (which correspond to points on the visual field) onto the cortical surface (in V1).

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7
Q

Cortical magnification

A

How much of the cortex is devoted to encoding a given part of the visual field (measured in mm/deg).

Additional related fact: The fovea is massively over represented compared to the periphery.

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8
Q

The polar angle on a retinatopic map tells us…

A

__________________ tells us where each area of the visual field is projected to.

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9
Q

The eccentricity on a retinatopic map tells us…

A

__________________ tells us about cortical magnification.

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10
Q

What are the implications of our retinatopic organisation for vision loss if the optic nerve of the left eye is damaged?

A

If there is no vision in the left eye, but the right eye has intact vision, where might damage be? How do we know this?

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11
Q

What are the implications of our retinatopic organisation for vision loss if the left optic tracts are damaged?

A

If there is no vision in the right hemifield in both the left and right eyes, where might damage be? How do we know this?

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12
Q

What are the implications of our retinatopic organisation for vision loss if the optic chiasm is damaged?

A

If there is no vision in the left hemifield of the left eye and the right hemifield of the right eye, where might damage be? How do we know this?

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13
Q

What are the implications of our retinatopic organisation for vision loss if one of the left side optic radiations (near to the LGN) is damaged?

A

If there is no vision in the top quarter of the right hemifield in both eyes, where might damage be? How do we know this?

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14
Q

What are the implications of our retinatopic organisation for vision loss if both of the left side optic radiations (near V1) is damaged?

A

There is no vision in the right hemifield of both eyes, except for a part in the centre, which is preserved in both. Where might damage be? How do we know this?

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15
Q

Why is the centre preserved when there is vision loss due to damage on the optic radiations, near V1?

A

Because of how the visual maps are arranged - there is communication between the right and left sides at this point.

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16
Q

Reverse card!

  1. Retina
  2. Optic nerves
  3. Optic chiasm
  4. Optic tracts
  5. LGN (lateral geniculate nuclei)
  6. Optic radiations
  7. Primary visual cortex

What is this?

A

Name the sequence of the early visual pathway (7 points!)

How well did you know this?
1
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17
Q

Reverse card!

At ______________, fibres on nasal sides cross (fibres on temporal sides stay on the original sides).

A

At the optic chiasm, fibres on _______________

How well did you know this?
1
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2
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18
Q

Reverse card!

The image we see in our visual field is mapped onto _____________. The ____________ is reversed, so everything we see in our left visual field falls on the _____________ in both eyes.

A

The image we see in our ___________ is mapped onto our retina. The image in the eye is ___________, so everything we see in our __________ falls on the right side of the retina in both eyes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reverse card!

In the ___________, the right visual field is in the left hemisphere, and the left visual field is in the right hemisphere.

A

In the optic tract, the how are the visual fields represented?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Reverse card!

_____________ contains a map of half of the visual field in each hemisphere.

A

The Primary visual cortex (V1) contains a _______________________.

21
Q

Reverse card!

A map of individual points on the retina (which correspond to points on the visual field) onto the cortical surface (in V1).

A

Retinatopic map

22
Q

Reverse card!

How much of the cortex is devoted to encoding a given part of the visual field (measured in mm/deg).

Additional related fact: The fovea is massively over represented compared to the periphery.

A

Cortical magnification

23
Q

Reverse card!

__________________ tells us where each area of the visual field is projected to.

A

The polar angle on a retinatopic map tells us…

24
Q

Reverse card!

__________________ tells us about cortical magnification.

A

The eccentricity on a retinatopic map tells us…

25
Q

Reverse card!

If there is no vision in the left eye, but the right eye has intact vision, where might damage be? How do we know this?

A

What are the implications of our retinatopic organisation for vision loss if the optic nerve of the left eye is damaged?

26
Q

Reverse card!

If there is no vision in the right hemifield in both the left and right eyes, where might damage be? How do we know this?

A

What are the implications of our retinatopic organisation for vision loss if the left optic tracts are damaged?

27
Q

Reverse card!

If there is no vision in the left hemifield of the left eye and the right hemifield of the right eye, where might damage be? How do we know this?

A

What are the implications of our retinatopic organisation for vision loss if the optic chiasm is damaged?

28
Q

Reverse card!

If there is no vision in the top quarter of the right hemifield in both eyes, where might damage be? How do we know this?

A

What are the implications of our retinatopic organisation for vision loss if one of the left side optic radiations (near to the LGN) is damaged?

29
Q

Reverse card!

There is no vision in the right hemifield of both eyes, except for a part in the centre, which is preserved in both. Where might damage be? How do we know this?

A

What are the implications of our retinatopic organisation for vision loss if both of the left side optic radiations (near V1) is damaged?

30
Q

What are the implications of our retinatopic organisation for vision loss if there is damage in V1?

A

Where the damage is in the cortex determines where you will have a blind spot/scotoma.

31
Q

Voxel

A

A ________ is a 3D pixel. Each contains thousands of neurons, and each has a receptive field, which we call a population receptive field.

32
Q

What is a population receptive field? How do we measure it?

A

A _______________ is the receptive field of a voxel, which is a 3D pixel containing thousands of neurons. We measure these using fMRI.

33
Q

Which higher visual areas are sensitive to moving stimuli over static stimuli?

A

V5/MT+, V3A+B, and also V1 are sensitive to __________________

34
Q

Which higher visual area is sensitive to coherent motion over incoherent motion?

(it’s also sensitive to moving stimuli over static stimuli)

A

MT+ is sensitive to __________________

35
Q

Which higher visual area is sensitive to kinetic boundaries?

A

V3B/LO-1 is sensitive to _______________.

36
Q

Which higher visual area is sensitive to colours over greyscale?

A

V4/VO is sensitive to ______________.

37
Q

Which higher visual area is sensitive to intact over scrambled objects?

A

LOC is sensitive to _________________.

38
Q

Which higher visual areas are sensitve to faces over other objects?

A

FFA and OFA are sensitive to ________________.

39
Q

Which higher visual area is sensitive to places/scenes over other objects?

A

PPA is sensitive to ________________.

40
Q

Reverse card!

A ________ is a 3D pixel. Each contains thousands of neurons, and each has a receptive field, which we call a population receptive field.

A

Voxel

41
Q

Reverse card!

A _______________ is the receptive field of a voxel, which is a 3D pixel containing thousands of neurons. We measure these using fMRI.

A

What is a population receptive field? How do we measure it?

42
Q

Reverse card!

V5/MT+, V3A+B, and also V1 are sensitive to __________________

A

Which higher visual areas are sensitive to moving stimuli over static stimuli?

43
Q

Reverse card!

MT+ is sensitive to __________________

A

Which higher visual area is sensitive to coherent motion over incoherent motion?

(it’s also sensitive to moving stimuli over static stimuli)

44
Q

Reverse card!

V3B/LO-1 is sensitive to _______________.

A

Which higher visual area is sensitive to kinetic boundaries?

45
Q

Reverse card!

V4/VO is sensitive to ______________.

A

Which higher visual area is sensitive to colours over greyscale?

46
Q

Reverse card!

LOC is sensitive to _________________.

A

Which higher visual area is sensitive to intact over scrambled objects?

47
Q

Reverse card!

FFA and OFA are sensitive to ________________.

A

Which higher visual areas are sensitve to faces over other objects?

48
Q

Reverse card!

PPA is sensitive to ________________.

A

Which higher visual area is sensitive to places/scenes over other objects?

OPTOM 101G (7 decks)

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