9. Species, Speciation & Hybridization

Question 1

Traditionally defined by phenotypic similarity

Defined by genetic similarity (phylogenic species concept)

Answer 1

Species

Question 2

Species concept based primarily on distinct morphological differences

Answer 2

Taxonomic (or morphological) species concept

Question 3

Ernst Mayr (1942): Species concept based on inter-fertility (crossability) among individuals

Answer 3

Biological species concept

Question 4

Groups of organisms that are sufficiently similar in phenotype

Answer 4

Species according to Darwin

Question 5

Theory of geographic speciation (involves geographical isolation) - much more common and easier than sympatric

Answer 5

Allopatric speciation

Question 6

Evolution of a new species from a surviving ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographical region

Answer 6

Sympatric speciation

Question 7

The factor which stops species or groups of organisms from reproducing sexually

Answer 7

Reproductive isolation

Question 8

Reproductive isolation which prevents zygote formation (geographical, ecological, temporal, behavioural, mechanical, prevention of gamete fusion)

Answer 8

Premating isolation

Question 9

Habitat and temporal isolation caused by differences in host plant emergence (mating on preferred host plant restricted hybridization)

Answer 9

Prezygotic isolation in Apple Maggot Flies

Question 10

VERL (sperm lysin binding to egg vitalize envelope receptor required for fertilization) coevolved in different directions in different species

Answer 10

Prezygotic isolation in Abalone

Question 11

Preventing the proper functioning of zygotes once they are formed (inviability, sterility, abnormal development of hybrids)

Answer 11

Postmating isolation

Question 12

Reproductive barriers as a result of ecological divergent selection

Answer 12

Ecological speciation

Question 13

Evolution of ecological and phenotypic diversity within a rapidly multiplying lineage as a result of speciation

Answer 13

Adaptive radiation

Question 14

From a single common ancestor the process results in an array of species that differ in traits allowing exploitation of a range of habitats and resources

Answer 14

Adaptive radiation

Question 15

The exchange of genes between species as a result of occasional inter-specific mating

Answer 15

Hybridization

Question 16

RARE: an organism, tissue or cell with more than 2 complete sets of homologous chromosomes

Answer 16

Polyploidy

Question 17

[AAAA] Polypoidy occurring within a species

Answer 17

Autopolyploidy

Question 18

[AABB] Polypoidy occurring through hybridization

Answer 18

Allopolyploidy