10. Phylogenetic & Macroevolution

Question 1

Father of taxonomy, founded binomial nomenclature and hierarchical system of classification. Was not aware that hierarchical system exists due to evolutionary change through time

Answer 1

Carolus Linnaeus (1807-1778)

Question 2

A named taxonomic unit at any level

Answer 2

Taxon

Question 3

The theory and practice of classification

Answer 3

Taxonomy

Question 4

The study of biodiversity and the evolutionary relationships among organisms, understanding evolutionary facts

Answer 4

Systematics

Question 5

A “tree” showing the evolutionary relationships among species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics

Answer 5

Phylogenic Tree

Question 6

Group of organisms not belonging to the group whose evolutionary relationships are being investigated, helps to determine new derived trait of ingroup

Answer 6

Outgroup

Question 7

Complete set of species derived from a common ancestor

Answer 7

Monophyletic Group

Question 8

Contains some, but not all species derived from a common ancestor

Answer 8

Paraphyletic group

Question 9

A trait shared with a common ancestor

Answer 9

Ancestral Trait

Question 10

A trait that differs from the ancestral trait in a lineage

Answer 10

Derived trait

Question 11

Similarity of traits due to shared ancestry (arose from common ancestor, shared in species)

Answer 11

Homology

Question 12

Similarity of traits as a result of convergent evolutions (evolved independently)

Answer 12

Homoplasy

Question 13

The evolution of structures that resemble one another and perform similar functional roles due to the shared ecology of unrelated organisms (due similar selective pressures)

Answer 13

Convergent Evolution

Question 14

The influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution (ex. insects specialize as plants grow resistance against insects)

Answer 14

Coevolution