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9 respitory viriuses Flashcards

1
Q

what viriuses are in the picornavirus family?

what is the nucleic acid?

A

rhinovirus, Coxsackie virus, echovirus, enterovirus

+RNA

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2
Q

what are in the

Coronaviridae family?

what is the nucleic acid?

A

Coronavirus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV

+ RNA

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3
Q

Orthomyxoviridae what is in the family?

what is the nucleic acid?

A

Influenza A,B,C virus

-RNA

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4
Q

Paramyxoviridae

what is in the family?

what nucleic acid?

A

Parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, Hendra and Nipaviruses, measles virus

-RNA

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5
Q

what is antigenic drift?

minor changes in the Hg or N?

minor antigen variations

A

minor changes in the Hg or N

minor antigen variations

cause epidemics.

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6
Q

what is antigenic shift?

A

occurs as a result of reassortment between human and animal strains.

causes pandemics.

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7
Q

influenza

what does it infect?

A

Virusinfectsciliatedepithelialcellslining the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi

when the virus replicated it causes the destruction of the respitory epithelium.

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8
Q

how does influenza replicate?

A

it is a -RNA and has to get in to the nucleas and then make + RNA and for the new RNA of the next virus tthen this comes budding off.

the outer membrane proteins are made in the cyto plasm.

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9
Q

what is the sicialic acid for human influenza?

what is the one for pigs?

what is the one for birds?

what kind of infection does each of these cause?

A

human: 2,6 sialic acid URT

Bird: 2,3 sialic acid LRT

Pig: both

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10
Q

what is hemagluttin for?

A

binds to siliac acid

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11
Q

nueramidase waht is it for?

A

cleaving the sialic acid.

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12
Q

influenza what is M2 for?

A

it is a ion channel.

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13
Q

influenza what is the nucleic acid?

A

there are 8 copies of the - RNA

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14
Q

influenza what triggers the membrane fusion?

A

in the HA

once the pH is lowered there is a structral change and that leads to the membrane fusion

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15
Q

what are 3 process that you can stop in the influenza cycle?

A
  1. stop the uncoating
  2. stop transcription and replication in the the nucleas (Unlike for most other RNA viruses, transcription (3) and replication (5) of the genome occur in the nucleus )
  3. you can stop the budding and exit.
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16
Q

what drugs block influenza uncoating?

A

amantadine and rimantadine - inhibit uncoating by

blocking M2 protein

17
Q

what drug inhibits the sythesis of viral RNA?

A

ribavirin

18
Q

what are neuraminidase inhibitors?

A

Zanamivir (Relenza) and Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

19
Q

what are the types of vaccines for influenza?

A

folmulin inactived -

mixture of prevalent antigenic types (hemagglutinin and neuramindase)

b. attenuated infectious viruses → intranasal administration

20
Q

why cant we make a vaccine for Rhionovirus?

A

because there are over 150 serotypes.

21
Q

what is the second most common virus causing the common cold?

A

coronavirus

  • cause common colds (second most prevalent cause representing 10 -15% of total) - watery eyes, sneezing, nasal congestion, sore throat, sometimes fever, chills, headache, other aches, cough
  • disease limited to upper respiratory tract, infects epithelial cells (optimal temperature for viral growth is 33° to 35°)
  • no vaccine available
22
Q

what is SARS?

A

it is a coronavirus

not highly contagieous

source is bats

no vaccines or antiV therapies

fatality about 10%

23
Q

what kind of virus is MERS?

A

it is a corona virus

it doenst pass from person to person easily

RNA virus

24
Q

what are the paramyxoviruses?

A
  • RNA viruses

measelse

mumps

Pneumovirus - Respiratory syncytial virus Metapneumovirus

henipavirus - hendra and nipah virus

25
Q

what are the proteins on the paramyxovirus?

what kind nucleic acid?

A

the fusion protein

Hemaglutinin neuramindase

NS1 and NS2 -

Nonstructural proteins that modulate the immune response, important in vivo

  • ssRNA
26
Q

where does repilcation and transcription of parmyxoviruses happen?

A

in the cytosol.

27
Q

paramyxovirus what proteins are not present in teh RSV?

A

HN Hemagglutinin virus attachment Neuraminidase

virus release

28
Q

what is HPIV3 like?

A

• HPIV3 is similar to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in that it is a common cause of lower respiratory illness, such as bronchiolitis, in the first year of life.

29
Q

HPIV1 and HPIV2 tend to infect _______ in life than HPIV3 and are a common cause of _____.

A

HPIV1 and HPIV2 tend to infect later in life than HPIV3 and are a common cause of croup.

30
Q

Paramyxoviridae – Respiratory syncytial virus

what is it?

when is it bad?

A

Most common cause of fatal acute respiratory tract infection in infants and young children

it infects everyone by age 2

can be sever in the elderly.

31
Q

what is the disease mechanism of the respitory syncytial virus?

A

virus causes a localized infection in the respitory track

doesnt cause viremia or sytemic spread

Pneumonia results from cytopathologic spread of virus (including syncytia).

bronchiolitis is most liely from the hosts immune response

Maternal antibody does not protect infant from infection.

natrual infection doesnt prevent reinfection.

32
Q

what makes the T cell response more deadly in infants ?

A

the response of the CD4 T cell

normally it goes it Th1 in adults

when it goes to Th2 in infants this causes the histamine response and the wheezing.

33
Q

is there a vaccine for RSV?

A

o Inactivated vaccines have shown poor results with increased disease severity upon natural infection
o Live attenuated vaccines → no increase in disease severity with natural infection but poor long-term protection

34
Q

human Metapneumovirus -hMPV

what is it?

A

it is similar to the RSV in that it causes the most sever diseases in infants and elderly and immunocompromiseed.

it is the 2nd most common cause of RTI in young children after RSV

35
Q

what can you use to treat hMPV?

A

  • To date treatment is mainly supportive
  • Ribavirin – inhibitory activity against hMPV
  • Immunoglobulins
36
Q

Adenovirus

what are some of the diseases that it can cause?

Respiratory infections can lead to _______ infections

A

respiratory infection (pharyngitis), conjunctivitis (pink eye), gastrointestinal infections, hemorrhagic cystitis (inflammation of the urinary bladder)

Respiratory infections can lead to systemic infections (viremia)

37
Q

adenovirus

• In respiratory tract, can cause destructive ________ _________,

persistent infection with ______ ________, or ________ infections in lymphoid tissues like tonsils or adenoid tissue

• Systemic infections in _________________ patients

A

• In respiratory tract, can cause destructive productive infection,

persistent infection with virus shedding, or latent infections in lymphoid tissues like tonsils or adenoid tissue

• Systemic infections in immunocompromised patients

38
Q

what is the virus that has a vaccine only for the army?

A

adenovirus

remember eye

39
Q
A

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