9. Petroleum Geology Flashcards
If two plates have a convergent boundary what direction are they moving relative to each other?
They are moving towards each other
Name the four layers of the Earth form the outside to the center
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
What causes the mantle to “flow” and continents to shift?
Convection causes the mantle to flow. The magma in the mantle rises towards the crust and forms the lithosphere as it cools. As the lithosphere cools it spreads. The cooled lithosphere sinks into the mantle and thhe cycle repeats.
Which core is liquid?
The out core is liquid
Name the three rock types
Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic
Which type of igneous rock is formed uderground?
Intrusive
What are the two types of sedimentatry rocks?
Clastic and non-clastic
Give an example Clastic-sedimentary rock
sandstone, shale, siltstone, breccia
Give an example of non-clastic-sedimentary rock
limestone, chert, gypsum, chalk, dolomite
What two things are required to turn an igneous or sedimentary rock into a metamorphic rock?
Temperature and pressure
What is the most abundant type of sedimentary rock?
Siltstones, muds, and shales
What is the difference between sand stones annd shales
Grain size; grain size in shale is so small that it can’t be a sandstone
How does sediment transport affect rock type?
Smaller grains are transported further, so larger grained rocks such as conglomerates will tend to form in one are wheras smaller grainedd rocks such as shales will tend to form in another area
Explain the difference between framework and matrix
Framework is the coarse grains of the rock such as quartz. Matrix is the smaller grains surrounding the framework.
Explain dolomitizatiton and how it affects the creation of natural fractures
Dolomitization is the action of magnesium replacing calcium to form dolomite. Since magnesium is smaller, the matrix shrinks which leads to the creation of natural fractures
