9: Personality Disorders

Question 1

Personality Definition

Answer 1

Habitual and enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that make each person unique

Question 2

Personality Issues are a Disorder if…(3)

Answer 2

• Pattern of deviation
• Pervasive and inflexible
• Leads to distress and impairment

Question 3

Cluster 1 Personality Disorders

Answer 3

Odd or eccentric behaviors (Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal)

Question 4

Cluster 2 Personality Disorders

Answer 4

Dramatic behaviors (Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic)

Question 5

Cluster 3 Personality Disorders

Answer 5

High degree of anxiety (Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive)

Question 6

Borderline PD (3)

Answer 6

• Pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects
• Begins by early adulthood
• Symptoms (e.g. avoiding abandonment, unstable and intense relationships, identity disturbance, suicidal behavior, emptiness, anger)

Question 7

Treatments for Borderline PD (4)

Answer 7

• SSRIs
• Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
• Cognitive therapy (STEPPS)
• Relational psychoanalytic therapy

Question 8

Goals for DBT (4)

Answer 8

• Decrease self-harming behaviors
• Decrease therapy-interfering behaviors
• Decrease escapist behaviors
• Increase behavioral skills

Question 9

Dimension approaches to disorders use a…

Answer 9

…continuum

Question 10

Elements of Personality Functioning

Answer 10

Self

• Identity
• Self-Direction

Interpersonal

• Empathy
• Intimacy

Question 11

DSM-5’s Pathological Personality Traits (5)

Answer 11

1. Negative affectivity v. Emotional Stability
2. Detachment v. Extraversion
3. Antagonism v. Agreeableness
4. Disinhibition v. Conscientiousness
5. Psychoticism v. Lucidity

Question 12

Schizotypal PD

Answer 12

Interpersonal problems marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thought and perception, and behavioral eccentricities

Question 13

Idea of reference

Answer 13

Belief that unrelated events pertain to them in an important way

Question 14

Bodily Illusions

Answer 14

E.g. sensing an external force or presence

Question 15

The PD most linked to criminal behavior

Answer 15

Antisocial PD

Question 16

Antisocial PD

Answer 16

• Impulsivity
• Disregard for truth and remorse
• Violation of other’s rights

Question 17

Narcissistic PD

Answer 17

Grandiose personality; need lots of admiration and lack empathy

Question 18

Avoidant PD

Answer 18

• Uncomfortable and inhibited in social situations

- Sensitive to negative evaluations

Question 19

Obsessive-Compulsive PD

Answer 19

• Preoccupied with order, perfection and control

- Preoccupation overrides productivity

Question 20

Parts of one’s personality that are relatively consistent over time

Answer 20

Traits

Question 21

Five-factor Model

Answer 21

States that everyone’s personality is a particular combination of the Big 5 traits

Question 22

Paranoid PD

Answer 22

• Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others

- Believe others have malevolent motives

Question 23

Paranoid PD may be linked to…

Answer 23

…schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Question 24

Schizoid PD

Answer 24

• Detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression
• Indifferent to others judgments and feelings

Question 25

Schizotypal PD is likely…

Answer 25

a lesser form of schizophrenia

Question 26

Schizotypal PD treatment

Answer 26

Traditional and atypical antipsychotics

Question 27

Histrionic PD

Answer 27

• Excessive emotionality and attention seeking
• Dramatic, seductive, and provocative behavior
• Shallow emotions and relationships

Question 28

Transference-focused and Mentalization-based treatments are used for…

Answer 28

…borderline PD

Question 29

Dependent PD

Answer 29

• Pattern of submissive and clinging behavior

- High interdependent need