9: Personality Disorders Flashcards
Personality Definition
Habitual and enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that make each person unique
Personality Issues are a Disorder if…(3)
- Pattern of deviation
- Pervasive and inflexible
- Leads to distress and impairment
Cluster 1 Personality Disorders
Odd or eccentric behaviors (Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal)
Cluster 2 Personality Disorders
Dramatic behaviors (Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic)
Cluster 3 Personality Disorders
High degree of anxiety (Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive)
Borderline PD (3)
- Pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects
- Begins by early adulthood
- Symptoms (e.g. avoiding abandonment, unstable and intense relationships, identity disturbance, suicidal behavior, emptiness, anger)
Treatments for Borderline PD (4)
- SSRIs
- Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
- Cognitive therapy (STEPPS)
- Relational psychoanalytic therapy
Goals for DBT (4)
- Decrease self-harming behaviors
- Decrease therapy-interfering behaviors
- Decrease escapist behaviors
- Increase behavioral skills
Dimension approaches to disorders use a…
…continuum
Elements of Personality Functioning
Self
- Identity
- Self-Direction
Interpersonal
- Empathy
- Intimacy
DSM-5’s Pathological Personality Traits (5)
- Negative affectivity v. Emotional Stability
- Detachment v. Extraversion
- Antagonism v. Agreeableness
- Disinhibition v. Conscientiousness
- Psychoticism v. Lucidity
Schizotypal PD
Interpersonal problems marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thought and perception, and behavioral eccentricities
Idea of reference
Belief that unrelated events pertain to them in an important way
Bodily Illusions
E.g. sensing an external force or presence
The PD most linked to criminal behavior
Antisocial PD
Antisocial PD
- Impulsivity
- Disregard for truth and remorse
- Violation of other’s rights
Narcissistic PD
Grandiose personality; need lots of admiration and lack empathy
Avoidant PD
- Uncomfortable and inhibited in social situations
- Sensitive to negative evaluations
Obsessive-Compulsive PD
- Preoccupied with order, perfection and control
- Preoccupation overrides productivity
Parts of one’s personality that are relatively consistent over time
Traits
Five-factor Model
States that everyone’s personality is a particular combination of the Big 5 traits
Paranoid PD
- Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others
- Believe others have malevolent motives
Paranoid PD may be linked to…
…schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Schizoid PD
- Detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression
- Indifferent to others judgments and feelings
Schizotypal PD is likely…
a lesser form of schizophrenia
Schizotypal PD treatment
Traditional and atypical antipsychotics
Histrionic PD
- Excessive emotionality and attention seeking
- Dramatic, seductive, and provocative behavior
- Shallow emotions and relationships
Transference-focused and Mentalization-based treatments are used for…
…borderline PD
Dependent PD
- Pattern of submissive and clinging behavior
- High interdependent need
