Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD1 - Reproduction Block > 9. Ovarian Function > Flashcards

9. Ovarian Function Flashcards

1
Q

How long does sperm live?

A

48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long does secondary oocyte live?

A

24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens in the proliferative phase of menstrual cycle?

A

A new uterine lining forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the phases of menstruation and what hormones are involved?

A

Two Phases -Follicular/Proliferative (Estrogen) - Luteal/Secretory (Progesterone and Estrogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What female secondary sex characteristics are controlled by Estrogen?

A
  • Breast development - Distribution of bodyfat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What adrenal androgens control some female traits?

A
  • Growth of pubic and axillary hair - Sex drive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the female reprodictive system anatomy

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the structure of the ovary

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the structure of the Uterus

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the structure of the Endometrium?

A

coiled with blood vessels and secretory structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the structure of the Myometrium?

A

Muscle layer that must contract to deliver the baby, a muscular wall. Very vascularised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the fimbriae?

A

The ovary is sitting around the finger like structure, not physically connected.

On ovulation the oocyte must be picked up the fimbriae into the fallopian tube.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is are the layers of the mature follicle?

A

The theca interna is responsible for the production of androstenedione, and indirectly the production of 17β estradiol respond to LH

A granulosa cell produce Estrogen from Androgens produced by theca cells and produces inhibin to inhibit FSH in late follicular phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

At what stage of the cell cycle are secondary oocytes arrested in?

A

Metaphase II, when fertilized metaphase II continues and polar bodies are released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the process of oogenesis

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?

A
  • Follicular/Proliferative phase
    • Follicle growth in ovary (egg matures)
    • Endometrium starts to build up
    • Days 0-13
  • Ovulation
    • Ripened follicles and release of oocytes (s)
    • Day 14
  • Luteal/Secretory phase
    • Ruptured follicle transforms into corpus luteum in preparation for pregnancy
    • Day 15-28
17
Q

Describe the endometrial lining throughout Uterine cycle

A
  • Menses
    • No pregnancy
    • Bleeding from uterus as endometrium is shed
  • Proliferative phase
    • New layer of endometrium in preparation of pregnancy
  • Secretory phase
    • Conversion of endometrium to secretory structure to promote implantation
18
Q

Describe the menstrual and uterine cycles

A
19
Q

What is the hormonal control of the Follicular phase?

A
  • FSH stimulates follicualr development
    • Maturation to secondary and tertiary follicle
    • Granulose cells produce Estrogen
      • Positive feedback develops follicles & increse estrogen
      • Negative feedback decreases FSH and LH secretion
  • LH stimulates thecal cells to produce androgens converted to estrogen by armoatase in granulosa cells
20
Q

What are the hormonal regulator of Ovulation?

A
  • High estrogen
    • LH & FSH surge
    • Primary oocyte - first meiotic division to form secondary oocyte
    • Lutenisation
  • High inhibin
    • INhibits FSH and stops new follicle from forming
  • Low-level progesterone
    • Positive feedback on GnRH and LH
21
Q

What happens to the follice and uterus during the Follicular phase?

A
  • Follicle
    • Enlarges, antrum forms
    • One dominant follicle develops
  • Uterus
    • Menstruation
22
Q

What happens to the follicle, uterus and cervics during ovulation?

A
  • Follicle
    • Primary oocyte completes first meiotic division to form secondary oocyte
    • Ovulation
    • Differentiation of follicular cells into luteal cells
    • Decreased estrogen
  • Uterus
    • Estrogen
      • Proliferates
      • Progesterone receptors
  • Cervics
    • Abundant, clear non viscous
23
Q

What are the hormonal control of menstrual cycle during the luteal phase and late luteal phase

A
  • Granulosa cells
    • Form corpus luteum
      • Progesterone
  • High progesterone & estrogen
    • maintain endometrium
    • Reduce GnRH, LH, FSH
  • Inhibin inhibits follicle

In the early - mid luteal phase we don’t follicle anymore but we have luteum. No more estrogen, so no more LH and FSH.

Corpus luteum produces progesterone and a BIT of estrogen. The high estrogen and progesterone maintain endometrium and revert back to our negative feedback. Reduce LH and FSH.

The inhibin also inhibit follicular development because we assume conception has happened.

After fertilization Estrogen and Progesterone prepares for pregnancy and Uterus becomes Secretory and vascular.

Progesterone cause the cervical mucus becoming thick, sticky viscous. WE don’t want another fertilization.

Progesterone increaases Basal Body temperature. AFTER ovulation.

24
Q

What happens to CL, Uterus and Cervics during luteal phase

A
  • Corpus luteum
    • Increasex2 Progesterone
    • Increase Estrogen
  • Uterus
    • Prepare for pregnancy
    • Vascular
    • Secretory
  • Cervics
    • Thick sticky viscous mucus
  • Increase basal body temperature
25
Q

What happens in the late luteal phase?

A

CL luteum is sustained in pregnancy until the placenta develops.
If no fertilization the corpus luteum just dies and hormone falls

Endometrium is shed

With the fall of osterogen and proegesterone we lose the negative feedback so we can see LH an FSH rising again.

Stimulate follicle development and the cycle starts again

26
Q

What are the causes, symptoms and therapies for menopause?

A
  • Causes
    • Ovaries cease responding to LH/FSH
    • Low levels of estrogen and progesterone
    • Cessation of egg development
  • Symptoms and therapies
    • Hot flashes and increased osteoporosis risk
    • Hormone replacement debate
27
Q

Where does sperm capitation occur?

A

Vagina

28
Q

Where does fertilization occur and what happens there?

A
  • Fallopian tube
    • Acrosomal reaction –> Digestive enzymes to dissolve Zona pellucida and cell junctions
  • Membrane fuse and sperm nucleus enters
    • Cortical reaction blocks polyspermy
    • Nuclear fusion creates diploid cell.
29
Q

Fertilization and completion of secondary meiotic division of oocyte

A
30
Q

Zygote development from ovulation to implantation

A
31
Q

Implantation

A
32
Q

What are the critical periods of human development

A

Early pregnancy (weeks 1-2)

Embryonic period (weeks 3-8)

Fetal period (weeks 9 - term)

33
Q

What can happen in early pregnancy (1-2 week)

A
  • NOT susceptible to teratogens
  • susceptible to chromosome abnormalities
  • Environmental disturbances interfere with implantation
34
Q

What happens in the Embryonic period?

A
  • All major organ systems present
  • Most susceptible to teratogens
  • Early stages
35
Q

What happens in the fetal period (9 weeks - term)

A
  • Rapid growth
  • Physiological defects
  • Minor morpholoical abnormalities
  • Functional disturbances
36
Q

Why is alcohol so harmful to fetus?

A

Alcohol crosses the placenta

Fetus doesn’t have liver enzyme, Fetus urinates it and recycles it so alcohol BUILDS up in amniotic fluid.

37
Q

Why is excessive exercise bad during pregnancy?

A

Excessive exercise takes away the blood from the placenta

38
Q

What are the methods of pregnancy prevention?

A
  • Contraceptives
  • Abstinence
  • Interventional methods
    • Barriers
    • Surgery
    • Blocking implantation
    • Hormone treatments to reduce gamete production
39
Q

What are the efficacy of various contraceptive methods?

A

MD1 - Reproduction Block (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions