8. Testicular Function Flashcards
At the end of mitosis, developing sperm cells are called?
Spermatocytes
Describe the process of Spermatogenesis
When does oogenesis begin?
Fetal life
After the first meiotic division an oogonium has become?
- Secondary oocyte and a polar body
When does mitotic proliferation happen?
Fetal life, primary oocyte is arrested in first meiotic divison
When does oogenesis complete its maturation?
the completion of oogenesis only happens at fertilization with the sperm and we get second meiotic division
What are the consequences of having oogenesis beginning in fetal life?
- Baby has all primary oocyte she will have in her whole life.
- Oocyte once a month until menopause
- Menopause is wen you run out of primary oocyte
Describe the process of oogenesis
In males, testosterone is produced by?
Leydig cells & Interstitial cells
In females, estrogen and progesterone are produced by?
Follicular cells & Corpus luteum
What other organ produces small amounts of sex steroids?
Adrenal gland
How does the hypothalamus regulate reproduction?
It is a pulse generator
Releases Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
What is released by the Anterior pituitary
- Leutenizing hormone (LH)
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
What peptide hormones do gonards produce?
o Inhibin: Down regulates FSH synthesis and inhibits FSH secretion.
o Activin: Enhances FSH biosynthesis and secretion, and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle.
Describe the pathway of sex steroid hormone synthesis
What is the hormonal control of reproduction?
Describe the feedback loop of hormonal control of reproduction
In males the primary target for FSH is?
Sertoli cells
In males LH influences?
Testosterone production
Describe the male reproductive anatomy
What is the funtion of the Sertoli cells?
Surround and support the sperm
What is the function of the Leydig cells and what hormone does it repond to?
Testosterone, stimulated by LH
What is the structure of the seminiferous tubule?
What hormone does inhibin inhibit?
FSH and Testosterone
What are the effects of testosterone before birth?
- Masculinises reproductive tract and external genitalia
- Promotes descent of testes into scrotum
What are the effects of testosterone in sex-specific tissues?
- Promotes growth and maturation of reproductive system
- Spermatogenesis
What are the other reproductive effects of testosterone?
Sex drive
control of gonadotropin secretion
What are the secondary sexual effects of testosterone?
- Hair growth
- Voice to deepen
- muscle growth
- body configuration
What are the nonreproductive actions of testosterone?
- Protein anabolic effects
- bone growth
- closure of epiphyses
- subaceous gland secretions
What are the accessory glands that contribute to semen?
How does testosterone inhibit the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary?
