8. Testicular Function

Question 1

At the end of mitosis, developing sperm cells are called?

Answer 1

Spermatocytes

Question 2

Describe the process of Spermatogenesis

Answer 2

Question 3

When does oogenesis begin?

Answer 3

Fetal life

Question 4

After the first meiotic division an oogonium has become?

Answer 4

• Secondary oocyte and a polar body

Question 5

When does mitotic proliferation happen?

Answer 5

Fetal life, primary oocyte is arrested in first meiotic divison

Question 6

When does oogenesis complete its maturation?

Answer 6

the completion of oogenesis only happens at fertilization with the sperm and we get second meiotic division

Question 7

What are the consequences of having oogenesis beginning in fetal life?

Answer 7

• Baby has all primary oocyte she will have in her whole life.
• Oocyte once a month until menopause
• Menopause is wen you run out of primary oocyte

Question 8

Describe the process of oogenesis

Answer 8

Question 9

In males, testosterone is produced by?

Answer 9

Leydig cells & Interstitial cells

Question 10

In females, estrogen and progesterone are produced by?

Answer 10

Follicular cells & Corpus luteum

Question 11

What other organ produces small amounts of sex steroids?

Answer 11

Adrenal gland

Question 12

How does the hypothalamus regulate reproduction?

Answer 12

It is a pulse generator

Releases Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 13

What is released by the Anterior pituitary

Answer 13

• Leutenizing hormone (LH)
• Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 14

What peptide hormones do gonards produce?

Answer 14

o Inhibin: Down regulates FSH synthesis and inhibits FSH secretion.

o Activin: Enhances FSH biosynthesis and secretion, and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Question 15

Describe the pathway of sex steroid hormone synthesis

Answer 15

Question 16

What is the hormonal control of reproduction?

Answer 16

Question 17

Describe the feedback loop of hormonal control of reproduction

Answer 17

Question 18

In males the primary target for FSH is?

Answer 18

Sertoli cells

Question 19

In males LH influences?

Answer 19

Testosterone production

Question 20

Describe the male reproductive anatomy

Answer 20

Question 21

What is the funtion of the Sertoli cells?

Answer 21

Surround and support the sperm

Question 22

What is the function of the Leydig cells and what hormone does it repond to?

Answer 22

Testosterone, stimulated by LH

Question 23

What is the structure of the seminiferous tubule?

Answer 23

Question 24

What hormone does inhibin inhibit?

Answer 24

FSH and Testosterone

Question 25

What are the effects of testosterone before birth?

Answer 25

• Masculinises reproductive tract and external genitalia
• Promotes descent of testes into scrotum

Question 26

What are the effects of testosterone in sex-specific tissues?

Answer 26

• Promotes growth and maturation of reproductive system
• Spermatogenesis

Question 27

What are the other reproductive effects of testosterone?

Answer 27

Sex drive

control of gonadotropin secretion

Question 28

What are the secondary sexual effects of testosterone?

Answer 28

• Hair growth
• Voice to deepen
• muscle growth
• body configuration

Question 29

What are the nonreproductive actions of testosterone?

Answer 29

• Protein anabolic effects
• bone growth
• closure of epiphyses
• subaceous gland secretions

Question 30

What are the accessory glands that contribute to semen?

Answer 30

Question 31

How does testosterone inhibit the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary?

Answer 31