9 - Lung Infection, Bacterial And Viral Pneumoneas

Question 1

What % of pneumonia has no pathogen detected in the community

Answer 1

62%

Question 2

What % of pneumonia is bacterial and viral in the community

Answer 2

11%, 22%

Question 3

What are common bacterial CAP

Answer 3

Strep. Pneumoniae

2. Myxoplasma pneumoniae
3. Staph. Aureus

Question 4

What are common nosocomial pneumonias caused by

Answer 4

Staphylococcus aureus (28%)
•Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.8%)
•Klebsiella species (9.8%)

Question 5

Name some pneumonia risk factors

Answer 5

Age <2 years or >65 years
Cigarette smoking
Excess alcohol consumption
Overcrowding 
Inhaled corticosteroids
Immunosuppresants (e.g steroids)
Proton pump inhibitors
COPD, asthma etc.

Question 6

How do you differentiate pneumonia from bronchitis

Answer 6

Pneumonia
New resp. symptoms or signs
Pleuritic chest pain
Usually febrile
Often hypoxic, confused
New X ray changes
Severe enough to be admitted

Acute Bronchitis
Cough +++
Tracheal pain, not pleuritic
No new X ray changes

Question 7

Why should do,done be admitted to hospital with resp symptoms

Answer 7

Confusion
Breathing rate >30
Over 65
Bp < 90/60

Question 8

How are resp symptoms treated

Answer 8

Oxygen (for hypoxia)
•Fluids (for dehydration)
•Analgesia (for pain)
•Nebulised saline (may help expectoration)

Question 9

Why should pneumonia be treated with antibiotics ASAP

Answer 9

In severe disease, antibiotics should be administered as quickly as possible
•For every hour delay in septic shock, chance of survival is reduced by 7.9%
•Duration of treatment typically 1 week