9 - Host defence Overview Flashcards
1
Q
What are zoonoses?
A
infectious diseases of animals
2
Q
What are the modes of transmission of disease (from person to person)?
A
- respiratory of salivary spread
- faecal-oral spread
- venereal spread (STDs)
3
Q
special features of the airway and lungs
A
- shares the pharynx with the GI tract
- rapid epithelial turnover
- filters blood volume every minute
- dissociated lymphocyte division (lymph nodes)
- endopulmonary lymphatic circulation
- IgA is important in the lung
THE LUNG HAS TIGHT IMMUNOREGULATION
4
Q
What are the surface defences against infection?
A
- coughing
- sneezing
- mucus
- cilia
- rapid cell turnover
- walls of dead cells
5
Q
When are interferons produced?
A
they are the first line of defence against viruses
when PAMPs and DAMPs are recognised, the cells produce interferons and a wave of information spreads out
6
Q
What is a typical immunoglobulin response to vaccines?
A
IgM is the first to respond
IgG response persists
7
Q
What are the defences against bacteria?
A
- surface defences
- antibody opsonisation
- complement - causing lysis/opsonisation
- phagocytosis
- release of inflammatory mediators and acute phase proteins
- fever
8
Q
What are the defences against viruses?
A
- surface defences
- INTERFERONS
- inflammatory mediators and acute phase proteins
- NK cells
- antibody, complement, ADCC (acute dependent cell-mediated toxicity)
- T cells
9
Q
What are the mucosal defences?
A
- mannan binding proteins
- antimicrobial peptides
- enzmyes e.g. lysozymes
- mucosal lymphocytes
- secretory IgA
