(9) Health Promotion Flashcards
Define health
Extent to which an individual or group is able to realise aspirations and satisfy needs to change/cope with the environment
Define health promotion
Process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
(goes beyond healthy lifestyles to wellbeing)
How does society influence and determine the behaviour of individuals and groups?
Age, sex, and constitutional factors
Individual lifestyle factors
Social and community networks
Living and working conditions
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unemployment, water and sanitation, health care services, housing, work environment, education, agriculture/food production
General socio-economic, cultural, and environmental conditions
In the care of patients: how does society influence and determine the behaviour of individuals and groups?
Health improvement:
- smoking cessation
- public mental health
- sexual health services
- substance misuse services
- NHS health checks
- weight management
- public health nursing
What are the levels of prevention?
Primary: prevents disease occurring in those at risk
- e.g. immunisation, infection control
- diet, physical activity, smoking cessation
Secondary: early diagnosis in high risk patients
- screening for cervical cancer, monitoring/treating blood pressure
Tertiary: minimise effects of established diseases/prevent complications
- steroids for asthma
How is CHD prevented? Using levels of protection
Primary = provide smoking cessation advise to patients with no history of CHD
Secondary = provision of lipid lowering medications to patients with a history of CHD
Tertiary = revascularisation after a MI for severe cases of CHD
How is type 2 diabetes prevented? Using levels of protection
Primary = five a day, physical activity
Secondary = gestational diabetes screening
Tertiary = screening for retinopathy
What are universal approaches to health promotion?
Aim to reduce risk across whole population
E.g. sugar tax
What are targeted approaches to health promotion?
Aim to identify patients most at risk and tailor messages/approaches to that group
E.g. breast feeding initiatives at young mum
What is ‘making every contact count’ (MECC)?
Using brief opportunistic advice to patients to enable them to change their lifestyle
What are health promoting settings?
Sustainable healthy cities
- create a health supporting environment
- achieve a good quality of life
- provide basic sanitation and hygiene needs
- supply access to healthcare
