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AS Level Biology > 9. GAS EXCHANGE AND SMOKING > Flashcards

9. GAS EXCHANGE AND SMOKING Flashcards

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1
Q

Effects of nicotine

A
  • addictive drug that influences reward centres in the brain. stimulates nerve endings in the brain to release dopamine which is associated with reinforcing pleasureable experiences
  • stimulates the nervous system to narrow the diameter of arterioles
  • stimulates the nervous system to release adrenaline from the adrenal glands
  • heart rate and blood pressure increase
  • blood flow to the extremities of the body decreases
  • increases risk of blood clotting
  • irritates and inflames arteries
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2
Q

Effects of carbon monoxide

A
  • binds irreversibly to haemoglobin forming carboxyhaemoglobin
  • less oxygen is supplied to heart muscles, putting strain on it
  • damages the lining of arteries
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3
Q

What is the effect of damage to the walls of arteries

A
  • buildup of fatty tissue (thrombosis)
  • reduction of blood flow

results in coronary heart disease and stroke

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4
Q

Cardiovascular diseases

A

coronary heart disease

stroke

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AS Level Biology (10 decks)

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