9) Fascism and the Youth Flashcards
When was the Opera Nazionale Balilla founded?
1926
In what year was the ONB absorbed into the Gioventù Italiana del Littorio (GIL)?
1937
When was GUF formed?
1922
What was the GUF?
A Fascist University Union
In the ONB, what groups would boys and girls aged 8-14 join?
Boys- Balilla
Girls- Piccole Italiane
In the ONB, what groups would boys and girls aged 14-18 join?
Boys- Avenguardisti
Girls- Giovani Italiane
What was the section of the ONB called that was for girls and boys aged 6-8?
Figli della Luppa - Children of the She Wolf
What were the children’s summer camps called?
Campi Dux
When were the Fascist School Reforms first designed, and by who?
1923 by Gentile
What reform was passed in 1925 that focused on teachers?
Teachers could be dismissed if they were suspected of holding opposing political views?
When were teachers required to take an oath of loyalty to the Fascist Regime?
1929
When was the Fascist Teacher’s Association established, and what did it do?
1931- an official regulation of teachers
When was it made compulsory for teachers to join the Fascist Teacher’s Association?
1937
How many history text books were banned in 1926?
101 out of 317
How many text books were available for school use in 1936?
1
How many children had joined the ONB by 1937?
7 million
What was the motto of the youth movement?
Believe! Obey! Fight!
Who replaced Gentile as the Minister of Education, and why?
Bottai, Gentile’s approach had not been Fascist enough
When was Catholic Action banned from holding sporting activities?
1931
What was “Non abbiamo bisogno”, and when was it published?
An encyclical issued by the Pope condemning Italian worship of the State, and protests against Mussolini closing down Catholic Action
What was the universal textbooks used in Fascist schools?
Libro Unico
How many Italian Children attended Campi Dux?
700,000
