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Geog 1 > 9: Components of Culture Part 1 > Flashcards

9: Components of Culture Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

provides the context and means by which we create our identities.

It tells us who we are, where we belong, and how we relate to others.

It also influences the way we think, the way we look at the Earth, and how we interact with the environment

A

Culture

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2
Q

key elements of culture

A

religion and language

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3
Q

a filter that affects and distorts our perspectives and conditions the ways we think and act

influences how we interact with the environment and how we alter the landscape

A

Culture

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4
Q

“local, customary way of doing things”.

complex of collective beliefs, habits, thoughts, behaviors, customs, skills, and artifacts

a categorization of individual humans into collectives according to multiple criteria

A

Yi-Fu Tuan, culture

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5
Q

“a process in which people are actively engaged”

individual members can and do change a culture

ways of life constantly change.

A

Kay Anderson and Fay Gale, culture

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6
Q

set of meanings that is lived through the material and symbolic practices of everyday life.

include values, beliefs, practices and ideas about sexuality, ethnicity and other important identities or other strong associations

A

culture

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7
Q

two broad categorizations of culture

A

Material culture

Nonmaterial culture

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8
Q

All objects or “things” made and used by a cultural group

e.g. tools, utensils, food,
buildings, art, clothing

A

Material culture

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9
Q

Oral or written tradition passed down from generation to generation

e.g.
tales, customs and traditions, beliefs, superstitions

A

Nonmaterial culture

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10
Q

Traditional practices of small groups (rural people)

ex.

A

Folk culture

ex. Roma/Romani / Gypsies

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11
Q

highly nomadic lifestyle, which was a matter of survival

cunning, mysterious outsiders who tell fortunes and steal before moving on to the next town

rich oral tradition, seen in music and dance

A

Roma/Romani or Gypsies

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12
Q

Practices and meaning systems
produced by large groups

heterogeneous norms and tastes

change frequently, often in response to commercial
products and trends

A

Popular culture

ex. Hip hop and K-Pop (hallyu)

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13
Q

study of the variations among cultural traits and the spatial functioning of society

  • cultural phenomena vary or remain constant from
    one place to another
  • how humans function spatially and identify with places
A

Cultural Geography

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14
Q

cultural geographer

prof who founded the Berkeley School of Cultural Geography

material expressions of culture in the landscape

cultural landscape is a “humanized” version of the natural landscape i.e. human activities resulted in alterations of the physical environment.

the interaction of both
cultural and natural processes brings about the uniqueness of a landscape.

A

Carl Sauer

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15
Q

characteristic and tangible outcome of the complex interactions between a human group and
its natural landscape

A

cultural

landscape

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16
Q

_____ is the medium, ____ is

the agent of change, and the _____ is the result.

A

physical landscape

culture

cultural landscape

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17
Q

Physical and climatic factors modify the ____

A

natural landscape

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18
Q

Cultural factors produce ____, such

as population distributions and patterns of housing

A

cultural forms

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19
Q

French geographer who proposed the concept of genre de vie

emphasized the need to observe small
homogeneous areas

A

Paul Vidal de la Blache

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20
Q

refers to a functionally organized way of
life that was seen to be characteristic of a particular
group

the environment does
not dictate what people would become, but offers constraints and opportunities

centered on livelihood practices that shape physical, social, and cultural bonds

A

genre de vie

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21
Q

Components of Culture

A

cultural traits
cultural complex
cultural region
cultural system

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22
Q

smallest distinctive component of culture

units of learned
behavior or routine practices, language spoken to the tools used or to the games played.

A

cultural traits

ex. fasting, abstinence, rites of passage, use of chopsticks

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23
Q

combination of traits characteristic of a particular cultural
group

A

cultural complex

ex. Jewish tradition

24
Q

area where

certain cultural practices, beliefs, or values are practiced by the majority of inhabitants

A

cultural region

ex. Utah - Mormons

25
Q

interaction of cultural traits and cultural complexes shared by a group within a cultural
region

includes traits, territorial affiliations, and shared history as well as more complex elements such as language

internal variation

A

cultural system

ex. Christianity

26
Q

one of the key elements of culture

rallying point that unites members and set them apart
from other cultural groups

A

Religion

27
Q

set of beliefs and practices through which people seek mental and physical harmony with powers of
the universe.

A

Religion

28
Q

two broad categories of religion

A

Proselytic religion

Ethnic religion

29
Q

Also called universalizing religion because it actively seeks new members and aims to convert all.

open membership

distributed widely

based on an individual founder

A

Proselytic religion

ex.
Christianity, Islam, Buddhism

30
Q

Has a strong territorial and cultural group identification

  • focused on
    the place and landscape of origin and membership are by birth or adoption of a complex lifestyle and cultural identity not just by a simple declaration of faith.
  • highly clustered
A

Ethnic religion

ex.
Judaism, Hinduism, Shintoism

31
Q

____sometimes grow out of ethnic religions

Christianity

A

Proselytic religions

32
Q

belief in some power beyond
humans to which humans can appeal for help

close ties to nature

A

tribal religion

e.g. animism and shamanism

33
Q

Religious Imprints on the Landscape

A

Religious structures
Religious traditions
Religious observances

34
Q

places of worship and other sacred sites that dominate or usually separated
from the rest of the structures in an area

A

Religious structures

35
Q

Hindu ritual bathing in the Ganges, where many Hindu worshippers gather
during major holidays

A

Religious traditions

36
Q

church attendance, spatial movement, and behavior of believers

A

Religious observances

e.g.
feast of the Black Nazarene in Quiapo, gathering of crowds in Central
Avenue every Thursday or St. Peter Parish in Commonwealth every Sunday

37
Q

which
religions are strongest in different places?
why is this so?

A

global scale, Distribution of Major Religions

38
Q

“how

do religious groups and religions spread across space?”, “how do they change through time?”

A

local scale, Distribution of Major Religions

39
Q

monotheistic (belief in one God) religion and the parent religion of Christianity

ethnic religion

14 million
adherents throughout the world and about half reside in North America.

A

Judaism

40
Q

Judaism’s imprints in the cultural landscape

A

▪ communal burial
▪ spread of citron in the Mediterranean
▪ grape vines
▪ synagogues

41
Q

Major Religions

A 
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism
42
Q
  • proselytic religion
  • world’s largest religion in
    terms of area and number of adherents
  • Jerusalem and
    spread slowly at first
  • Christian
    preachers and missionaries. - universal religion of salvation and hope,
    it spread quickly among the underclasses
  • attributed to imperial sponsorship,
    specifically by the Roman Empire, then through colonization by
    European countries.
A

Christianity

43
Q

Christianity’s imprints in the cultural landscape

A

▪ Churches - center of life for small neighborhoods and
entire towns
▪ central cathedrals served simultaneously as a
glorification of God, a symbol of piety, and the focus of religious and
secular life
▪ Reserved areas (large parcels of lands) for the dead

44
Q
  • proselytic religion
  • “submission to God”.
  • Mohammed in Medina
  • aided by force and political control
  • emergence at the hub of major trade routes, including caravan
    trails
  • spread through
    Europe may be attributed to the immigration of dispossessed Muslims from MENA
A

Islam

45
Q
  • oldest religion in the world
  • combination of diverse worships with no standard system of
    beliefs
  • caste system
A

Hinduism

46
Q

a strict
hierarchical subdivision of the society
- used by invaders to
separate themselves from those they have defeated.

it was reinforced by the British colonizers to maintain control and power over the larger Indian population.

A

caste system

47
Q

Islam’s imprints in the cultural landscape

A

▪ the mosque which is the focal point of Islamic life
▪ congregation of Muslims during communal worship
▪ pilgrimage in Mecca

48
Q

Hinduism’s imprints in the cultural landscape

A

▪ the temples, shrines, and other sites of worship
▪ garbed or marked holy men and ascetics
▪ bathing in the Ganges during major holidays

49
Q

a reform movement based

- It largely attracted the lower classes, the caste system, because it rejected power and wealth.

A

Buddhism

50
Q

Buddhism’s imprint in the cultural landscape

A

▪ Buddha images in stylized human form

▪ the three main types of buildings and monuments:

51
Q

a commemorative shrine

A

stupa

52
Q

a temple that enshrines an image or relic of Buddha

A

pagoda

53
Q

the main temple of worship

A

monastery

54
Q

the three main types of buildings and monuments in Buddhism

A

stupa
pagoda
monastery

55
Q

known for their simple living and reluctance to adopt
modern technology

prohibited contact with the outside world but have since relaxed the strict
codes

originate in Switzerland as a conservative
reformist group within the Mennonite Anabaptist movement,

Jakob Amman

persecuted in Europe and were forced to move across the Atlantic

They eventually settled in North America

Pennsylvania, where land was relatively
cheaper and more available.

A

the Amish/Amish Mennonite Church

Geog 1 (6 decks)

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