12: Places and Landscapes

Question 1

material form produced by complex processes that are

both hidden and apparent

Answer 1

landscape

Question 2

socially constructed sites that are given different meanings by different groups for different purposes

part of identity

Answer 2

places

Question 3

territorial instinct or wanting to have a place where you feel you belong

persistent attachment to a
specific location or territory

Answer 3

territoriality

Question 4

scientists who study the formation and evolution of human customs and beliefs, maintain
that humans carry genetic traits produced by our need for territory

Answer 4

Ethologists

Question 5

source of physical
safety and security, a source of stimulation and
a physical expression of identity

Answer 5

territory

ex. graffiti

Question 6

study the social and cultural meanings that people give
to personal space

unwritten territorial rules that can be observed in people’s behavior

unwritten protocols to claim their personal space

Answer 6

proxemics

Question 7

common protocols/proxemics

Answer 7

Regular use

spatial markers

bubbles

Question 8

invisible barrier that we construct and to keep out others

varies in shape and size according to location and circumstances

Answer 8

bubbles

Question 9

key aspect to places and meanings

products of natural and humantransformations on the Earth’s surface

a reflection of cultures and experiences

Answer 9

landscapes

Question 10

different types of landscapes

Answer 10

natural & cultural landscapes

Ordinary Landscapes

Symbolic Landscapes

Derelict Landscapes

Question 11

everyday landscapes that people create in the course of their lives

powerfully symbolic because they are understood as being a particular kind of place.

Answer 11

Ordinary Landscapes

ex. New England
townscape - perfect American community
TGIS and Gimik

Question 12

represent certain values or aspirations that the builders want to impart to the larger
public

not part of our everyday experience

Answer 12

Symbolic Landscapes

ex. UP Oble, Luneta Park

Question 13

subcategories of symbolic landscapes

Answer 13

▪ Landscapes of Power: Malacañang Palace, EDSA Shrine
▪ Landscapes of Affluence: Bonifacio Global City, Rockwell
▪ Landscapes of Fear: bombing of the Twin Towers in New York

Question 14

Landscapes that have experienced misuse, disinvestment, or

vandalism

Answer 14

Derelict Landscapes

ex. Manila Metropolitan Theatre, Fantasy World in Batangas

Question 15

approaches in studying and interpreting landscapes
places the individual at the
center of analysis

It focuses on the individual values, meaning systems, intentions, conscious acts, and preferences and how these things act together to construct cognitive images of the world

Answer 15

humanistic approach

ex. perception of people

Question 16

can be read and written by groups and individuals

writers are those who
produce the landscapes and give them meanings while the readers are those who consume the messages
embedded in the landscape

Answer 16

landscapes as text

Question 17

practice of writing and reading signs or the written codes in the landscape

Answer 17

semiotics

Question 18

Approaches to Landscape

Answer 18

humanistic approach

landscapes as text

semiotics

Question 19

Malls as Coded Spaces

Answer 19

▪Cool temperature

▪Lighting

▪Sounds

▪ Décor and architectural design - impression of luxury

▪ Scents - mobile advertisements.

▪ Escalators, corridors, entrances, and benches

▪ Goods in the aisle.

Question 20

a transitional moment in which established rules and norms are temporarily suspend

Answer 20

liminality

Question 21

process of people constantly modifying

and reshaping places, while at the same being influenced by these places constantly coping with changes

Answer 21

place-making

Question 22

6 fundamental questions about the meanings that

people attach to their experiences and creation of places

Answer 22

▪ process information from external settings?
▪ kind of information
▪ new experiences affect the way they understand worlds?
▪ particular environments have for individuals?
▪ meanings influence behavior?
▪ develop and modify sense of a place

Question 23

pictures or representations of the world that can be called to mind through imagination

images that we conjure in our minds when we think about particular place or setting

simplify and distort real-world environments

Answer 23

Cognitive images

Question 24

channels along which people move (e.g. streets, walkways, transit lines, canals)

Answer 24

paths

Question 25

barriers that separate one area from another (e.g. shorelines, walls, railroad tracks

Answer 25

Edges

Question 26

areas with an identifiable character (physical and/or cultural) that people mentally
“enter” and “leave (e.g. neighborhoods, business districts)

Answer 26

Districts

Question 27

strategic points and foci for travel (e.g. traffic junctions, city squares)

Answer 27

Nodes

Question 28

physical reference points (e.g. landforms, buildings, monuments)

Answer 28

Landmarks

Question 29

5 Cognitive images elements

Answer 29

paths
edges
districts
nodes
landmarks

Question 30

Distortions in Cognitive Images

Answer 30

result of incomplete information

conceive the world without many direct stimuli

own biases

Question 31

visual culture to enhance their appeal to key groups. The ways by which places are reinterpreted reimagined, designed, packaged, and marketed

sense of place has become a valuable commodity and culture has become an important economic activity

Answer 31

place-marketing

ex. Clark Green City, Bryant Park in New York - “pacification by cappuccino”