12: Places and Landscapes Flashcards
material form produced by complex processes that are
both hidden and apparent
landscape
socially constructed sites that are given different meanings by different groups for different purposes
part of identity
places
territorial instinct or wanting to have a place where you feel you belong
persistent attachment to a
specific location or territory
territoriality
scientists who study the formation and evolution of human customs and beliefs, maintain
that humans carry genetic traits produced by our need for territory
Ethologists
source of physical
safety and security, a source of stimulation and
a physical expression of identity
territory
ex. graffiti
study the social and cultural meanings that people give
to personal space
unwritten territorial rules that can be observed in people’s behavior
unwritten protocols to claim their personal space
proxemics
common protocols/proxemics
Regular use
spatial markers
bubbles
invisible barrier that we construct and to keep out others
varies in shape and size according to location and circumstances
bubbles
key aspect to places and meanings
products of natural and humantransformations on the Earth’s surface
a reflection of cultures and experiences
landscapes
different types of landscapes
natural & cultural landscapes
Ordinary Landscapes
Symbolic Landscapes
Derelict Landscapes
everyday landscapes that people create in the course of their lives
powerfully symbolic because they are understood as being a particular kind of place.
Ordinary Landscapes
ex. New England
townscape - perfect American community
TGIS and Gimik
represent certain values or aspirations that the builders want to impart to the larger
public
not part of our everyday experience
Symbolic Landscapes
ex. UP Oble, Luneta Park
subcategories of symbolic landscapes
▪ Landscapes of Power: Malacañang Palace, EDSA Shrine
▪ Landscapes of Affluence: Bonifacio Global City, Rockwell
▪ Landscapes of Fear: bombing of the Twin Towers in New York
Landscapes that have experienced misuse, disinvestment, or
vandalism
Derelict Landscapes
ex. Manila Metropolitan Theatre, Fantasy World in Batangas
approaches in studying and interpreting landscapes
places the individual at the
center of analysis
It focuses on the individual values, meaning systems, intentions, conscious acts, and preferences and how these things act together to construct cognitive images of the world
humanistic approach
ex. perception of people
can be read and written by groups and individuals
writers are those who
produce the landscapes and give them meanings while the readers are those who consume the messages
embedded in the landscape
landscapes as text
practice of writing and reading signs or the written codes in the landscape
semiotics
Approaches to Landscape
humanistic approach
landscapes as text
semiotics
Malls as Coded Spaces
▪Cool temperature
▪Lighting
▪Sounds
▪ Décor and architectural design - impression of luxury
▪ Scents - mobile advertisements.
▪ Escalators, corridors, entrances, and benches
▪ Goods in the aisle.
a transitional moment in which established rules and norms are temporarily suspend
liminality
process of people constantly modifying
and reshaping places, while at the same being influenced by these places constantly coping with changes
place-making
6 fundamental questions about the meanings that
people attach to their experiences and creation of places
▪ process information from external settings?
▪ kind of information
▪ new experiences affect the way they understand worlds?
▪ particular environments have for individuals?
▪ meanings influence behavior?
▪ develop and modify sense of a place
pictures or representations of the world that can be called to mind through imagination
images that we conjure in our minds when we think about particular place or setting
simplify and distort real-world environments
Cognitive images
channels along which people move (e.g. streets, walkways, transit lines, canals)
paths
barriers that separate one area from another (e.g. shorelines, walls, railroad tracks
Edges
areas with an identifiable character (physical and/or cultural) that people mentally
“enter” and “leave (e.g. neighborhoods, business districts)
Districts
strategic points and foci for travel (e.g. traffic junctions, city squares)
Nodes
physical reference points (e.g. landforms, buildings, monuments)
Landmarks
5 Cognitive images elements
paths edges districts nodes landmarks
Distortions in Cognitive Images
result of incomplete information
conceive the world without many direct stimuli
own biases
visual culture to enhance their appeal to key groups. The ways by which places are reinterpreted reimagined, designed, packaged, and marketed
sense of place has become a valuable commodity and culture has become an important economic activity
place-marketing
ex. Clark Green City, Bryant Park in New York - “pacification by cappuccino”
