9) Collectivisation Flashcards
How did farmers farm before Collectivisation?
They farmed strips of land using horse drawn wooden ploughs.
Who were the Kulaks?
Richer peasants
What happened in 1927?
There was a war scare which led to peasants hoarding grain
What method did Stalin use to seize grain in 1927?
The Urals-Siberian method
In what year was Collectivisation introduced?
1928
What were collective farms know as?
Kolkhoz
What was Collectivisation?
Peasants would give up their own plots of land to come together their land with other families (forming Kolkhozs). They would have to provide a fixed amount of food for the state in exchange for a small wage.
What could peasants keep?
A small surplus (extra food farmed)
What did the Kolkhoz own?
Animals, grain supplies and the buildings in the village.
How many Kolkhovs were there by 1940?
Approximately 240,000
How many peasant families would normally be in a Kolkhovz?
Normally around 80 (farming 500 hectares of land)
What happened if peasants opposed Collectivisation?
They were labelled Kulaks and deported to the Gulags in Siberia and the Urals.
Approximately how many ‘Kulaks’ were killed by de-kulakisation squads?
30,000
Approximately how many peasants were deported to the gulags?
10 million
How many peasants died in the famine of 1932-33
Approximately 6 million
Where in particular was hit the hardest by Collectivisation?
Ukraine
What was introduced to stop peasants from moving around the country away Collectivisation?
Passports
How did many peasants oppose Collectivisation?
Set fire to their farms and slaughtered their animals
What happened to the cow and horse population during Collectivisation?
30 million cows and 18 million horses were killed (it halved)
What did grain production fall to?
From 73.3 million tonnes in 1928 to 67.6 million tonnes in 1934.
What happened to a large portion of grain collectivised?
It was sold abroad to finance the Five Year Plans
What percentage of farms had been collectivised by 1937?
93%
What was the MTS?
Machine Tractor Stations - peasants could now use mechanised tractors for the first time
What social benefits were there to living on Kolkhovs?
There were schools and hospitals on some of them.
