9. Bronsted Lowry acids and bases

Question 1

Bronsted-Lowry acid is a

e.g. HCl, H2SO4

Answer 1

proton H+ donor
e.g. HCl(g) -> H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
H2SO4(aq) -> H+(aq) + HSO4-(aq)

Question 2

Bronsted Lowey base is a

e.g.NH3

Answer 2

proton H+ acceptor

NH3(aq)+ H+(aq) -> NH4+(aq)

Question 3

monobasic acids

e.g. HCl

Answer 3

each molecule can release 1 proton

HCl(aq) -> H+ (aq) + SO4-(aq)

Question 4

dibasic acids

e.g. H2SO4

Answer 4

each molecule can release 2 protons
H2SO4(aq) -> H+(aq) + HSO4- (aq)
HSO4-(aq) -> H+(aq) + SO42-(aq)

Question 5

tribasic acids

e.g. H3PO4

Answer 5

each molecule can release 3 protons
H3PO4(aq) -> H+(aq) + H2PO4-(aq)
H2PO4-(aq) -> H+(aq) + HPO42-(aq)
HPO42-(aq) -> H+(aq) + PO43-(aq)

Question 6

Conjugate acid base pair
e.g. acid HNO2
and base NO2-

Answer 6

two species that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton
HNO2 H+ + NO2- (change in to one another by loosing or gaining H+

Question 7

acid and base equilibria involve 2 acid-base pairs (conjugate)
e.g. HNO2(aq) + H2O(l) -> H3O+(aq) + NO2-(aq)

Answer 7

forward direction
acid HNO2 releases H+ to form its conjugate base NO2-
base H20 accepts proton to form its conjugate acid H3O+

reverse direction
acid H3O+ releases its proton to form conjugate base H2O
base NO2- accepts proton to form conjugate acid HNO2

Question 8

strong acids..

where as weak acids…

Answer 8

fully dissociate. one way direction
only partially dissociate. reversible reaction
strength of acid determined by conc of H+/H3O+

Question 9

strong bases..

whereas weak bases..

Answer 9

fully dissociate high one way reaction OH- conc

partially dissociate reversible reaction low OH- conc