{9} Atomic Forces

Question 1

Define:

Potential Energy?

Answer 1

The energy between two electrons

Question 2

Define:

Ionization Energy?

Answer 2

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in its gaseous state

IE = -PE

Question 3

Define:

Coulumb’s Law?

Answer 3

1. The closer the two charages are, the stronger the force between them
2. As shell number increases, attraction to the nuclues decreases

F = k_e (q1 * q2 /r^2)

k_e = Coulomb’s constant (8.9875 x 10^9 N/m)
q1 = Particle_1 charge
12 = Particle_2 charge
r = distance between particles

Question 4

Define:

Penetration?

Answer 4

When some higher-level atomic orbtials have significant amounts of probability within the space occupied by orbitals of lower energy level

Question 5

Define:

Shielding?

Answer 5

When electrons closer to the nucleus, shield other electrons and thus result in less attraction to the nucleus

Question 6

Define:

Effective nuclear charge?

Answer 6

Z_e = Z- S

Question 7

Define:

Diamagnetic?

Answer 7

The state of an atom or ion that contains only paired electrons and is, therefore, repelled by an external magnetic field

Question 8

Define:

Paramagnetic?

Answer 8

The state of an atom or ion that contains unpaired electrons and is, therefore, attracted by an external magnetic field