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Physics > 9)Atmospheric Pressure > Flashcards

9)Atmospheric Pressure Flashcards

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1
Q

Earths atmosphere

A

The layers of glasses surrounding the earth

Main layers:
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Thermosphere

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2
Q

Troposphere

A

Contains More than 75% of the air

Contains all the water vapour

Height is 7-17km

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3
Q

Stratosphere

A

Contains ozone layer

Ozone arsorbs the harmful uv from the sun

Height is 80-100km

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4
Q

Thermosphere

A

Contains molecules ionised by solar radiation

Reflects radio waves

Height is 1000-13000

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5
Q

Composition of the atmosphere

A

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% argon
Traces of water vapour and co2

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6
Q

Boltzmann distribution

A

N_h= N_0e^-mgh/KT

M= mass of one molecule 
T= temperature 
K= Boltzmann constant 
G=acceleration due to gravity 
N=conc of gas molecules

Due to the simultaneous effects of gravity, diffusion and atmospheric circulation

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7
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

The weight of air column with the height of atmosphere and 1m^2 cross section

In pascals

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8
Q

Standard atmospheric pressure

A

b_0= 101325 pa

273 kelvin is temp
Sea level
45 latitude

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9
Q

Vibrations of atmospheric pressure with height

A

b_h=b_0e^ -h/ft

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10
Q

Effect of atmospheric pressure on the human body

A

Humans function at atmospheric pressure of 900-1050

Low oxygen levels lead to hypoxia
Oxygen deficiency

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11
Q

Effects of low atmospheric pressure

A

This means low pressure of oxygen

Insufficient oxygen for oxygenation of blood leads to hypoxic blood

100% at 0m
80% at 4000m
75% at 6000m

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12
Q

Effects of high atmospheric pressure

A

Results in oxygen deficiency because solubility of nitrogen in blood rises faster than solubility of oxygen

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13
Q

Baric chamber

A

Sealed chamber with wide range of controls of the air

Used for treatment of gas embolism

Investigation effects of low and high pressure on the body

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14
Q

Respiration

A

Process of talking up oxygen from air

Transport of oxygen to the cells within tissue

Transports waste co2 out the body

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15
Q

Lungs

A

Located in the chest

-elastic gas filled bags

Lungs are connected to the atmosphere by trachea and bronchi

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16
Q

Respiratory muscles

A

Main muscles:
Intercostal muscles
Diaphragm

Contraction of intercostal muscles expand the rib cage

Diaphragm contracts and flattens

17
Q

The pleurae

A

The membrane that surrounds the lungs

The pressure inside the space between the 2 pleurae is lower than the atmospheric pressure

18
Q

Lung ventilation

inhalation

A

On contraction of resp muscles

Volume of chest increases
Pressure in the pleural space drops below atmospheric pressure
Inner pleurae expands and increases volume of lungs
Air runs through trachea into lungs

19
Q

Lung ventilation exhalation

A

Volume of chest is reduced

Pressure in pleural space increases above atmospheric pressure

Volume of lungs is reduced and air flows out

20
Q

Alpha lecithin pulmonary surfactant

A

Reduces the surface tension of water and allows the lungs to expand

When missing the alveoli collapses and lungs can’t expand

21
Q

Lung volume

A

Tidal volume
Amount of air breathed in or out during normal respiration

Inspiratory reserve volume
Additional air that can be inhaled after normal tidal breath

This is measured using a spirometer

22
Q

Lung volumes 2

A

Exploratory reserve volume
The amount of air that can be breathed out after a tidal breath

Residual volume
The amount of air left in lungs after maximum exhalation

23
Q

Artificial respiration

A

Positive pressure respiration

Negative pressure respiration

24
Q

Positive pressure respiration

A

Trachea is connected to mechanical ventilator

Pumps fresh air into patients lungs

Pumps used air out of lungs

25
Q

Negative pressure respirator

A

Pump withdraws air from the tank to produce negative pressure

Releasing pressure results in exhalation

26
Q

Manual insufflation

A

Manually forcing air into patients lungs

Mouth to mouth
Mouth to nose
Mouth to mask
Mouth to nose and mouth

Physics (11 decks)

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