9 - Adrenal Disorders

Question 1

What is the name of the condition caused by adrenal failure?

Answer 1

Addison’s disease

Question 2

What condition is caused by excess cortisol (cause by adrenal hyperfunction)?

Answer 2

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 3

Which adrenal vein passes blood to the IVC via the renal vein?

Answer 3

left

Question 4

How many arteries and veins do the adrenal glands have?

Answer 4

many arteries but ONLY ONE CENTRAL VEIN

Question 5

Which kidney/adrenal gland is higher and why?

Answer 5

the right is higher because the left is located under the liver

Question 6

What is the first step in steroid hormones synthesis?

Answer 6

cholesterol —-> pregnelonone

Question 7

What is the second step In the synthesis of corticosteroid and mineralocorticoids?

Answer 7

pregnelonone —-> progesterone

Question 8

in what positions does hydroxylation occur in the synthesis of aldosterone and cortisol?

Answer 8

aldosterone —–> 21, 11, 18

cortisol —–> 17, 21, 11

Question 9

Give the clinical signs of Cushing’s syndrome (same as the side effects of steroids)

NEED TO LEARN

Answer 9

• hypertension
• diabetes
• osteoporosis
• immunosuppression (reactivation of infection)
• thin skin
• easy bruising
• poor wound healing
• proximal myopathy
• centripetal obesity (lemons on sticks)
• moon face

Question 10

What is the effect of aldosterone?

Answer 10

retain sodium ions

lose potassium ions