Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LCRS - Endo > 2 - Hypothalamo-adenohypophysial system > Flashcards

2 - Hypothalamo-adenohypophysial system Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for the pituitary?

A

the hypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the hypothalamus?

A

just above the pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the embryological origin of the adenohypophysis?

A

derived from glandular tissue

- a few weeks after conception, the Buccal cavity has an extension that starts to grow upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the embryological origin of the neurohypophysis?

A

derived from neural tissue

- a few weeks after conception, there is downwards movement of tissue from the developing hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do the 2 parts of the pituitary come together during development?

A

the 2 (different) tissues fuse and lose contact with the buccal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are nuclei in the hypothalamus?

A

clusters of cell bodies (neuronal somas) with an axon sticking out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What mainly makes up the neurohypophysis?

A

nerve axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do the axons that stem from the nuclei terminate?

A

most terminate in the neurohypophysis, but some terminate in the median eminence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the median eminence?

Where does its blood supply come from?

A

a mass of capillaries receiving blood from the superior hypophysial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the hypothalamus-hypophysial portal circulation?

What is involved and how does the blood travel through it?

A

PRIMARY CAPILLARY PLEXUS
- neurones coming from the hypothalamic nuclei terminate here
- blood from here feeds down into portal vessels which run down through the pituitary stalk to terminate within the adenohypophysis (the secondary capillary plexus)
SECONDARY CAPILLARY PLEXUS
- blood from here drains via the cavernous sinus and out via the jugular veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are the primary and secondary capillary plexuses?

A

primary - the the median eminence

secondary - the anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of capillaries make up the primary capillary plexus?

A

fenestrated capillaries

since the median eminence lies outside the blood-brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What chemicals are released from the neurones that terminate in the median eminence?

A

hormones (they travel in the blood to the sedentary capillary plexus in the AP, and stimulate it to release hormones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the 5 adenohypophysial hormones?

A 
somatotrophin (growth hormone)
prolactin
thyrotrophin
LH and FSH
ACTH (corticotrophin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

For somatotrophin (growth hormone):

1) What adenohypophysial cell releases it?
2) What is the hypothalamic hormone that stimulates its release?
3) What is the hypothalamic hormone that inhibits its release?
4) What is its target cell?

A

1) somatotrophs
2) Somatotrophin Releasing Hormone/growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
3) somatostatin
4) targets general body tissues, especially the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

For prolactin:

1) What adenohypophysial cell releases it?
2) What is the hypothalamic hormone that stimulates its release?
3) What is the hypothalamic hormone that inhibits its release?
4) What is its target cell?

A

1) lactotrophs
2) Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone (TRH)
3) dopamine
NOTE: dopamine is the main regulating hormone
4) breasts (of lactating women)

17
Q

For Thyroid Stimulating Hormone:

1) What adenohypophysial cell releases it?
2) What is the hypothalamic hormone that stimulates its release?
3) What is its target cell?

A

1) thyrotrophs
2) TRH (thyrotrophin releasing hormone)
3) thyroid

18
Q

For LH and FSH:

1) What adenohypophysial cell releases them?
2) What is the hypothalamic hormone that stimulates their release?
3) What is the target cell?

A

1) gonadotrophs
2) Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
3) testes (men) and ovaries (women)

19
Q

For ACTH:

1) What adenohypophysial cell releases it?
2) What is the hypothalamic hormone that stimulates its release?
3) What is its target cell?

A

1) corticotrophs
2) Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRH) and Vasopressin
3) adrenal cortex

20
Q

Give an example of hormone production from a prohormone?

A

POMC—–>ACTH + Pro-MSH

MSH = mealnocyte stimulating hormone

21
Q

What stimulates the release of prolactin?

A

Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone

it is controlled by the production of thyrotrophin from the AP

22
Q

List the hypothalamic hormones that are dominant over their counterpart

A
  • somatotrophin releasing hormone/GHRH is dominant over somatostatin
  • dopamine is dominant over TRH (thyrotrophin releasing hormones)
  • GnRH is dominant over its inhibitory counterpart
23
Q

What stimulates somatotrophin (non-hormones)?

A 
GHRELIN
hypoglycaemia
amino acids
stress
sleep
oestrogens 
exercise
24
Q

What are the inhibitors of somatotrophin (non hormone)?

A

IGF 1
- direct - to pituitary
- indirect - to the hypothalamus
somatotrophin also has its own negative feedback effects

LCRS - Endo (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions