Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Radiology > 9) Abdominal Organs > Flashcards

9) Abdominal Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Liver imaging key concepts

A
  • Plain radiographs may show liver calcifications, but have limited use in liver imaging
  • Nuclear medicine
  • CT with IV contrast
  • Hepatic angiography
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nuclear medicine

A
  • Technetium “hida” scan is performed for functional and morphologic information
  • Today has been virtually replaced by ultrasound, CT, and MRI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CT with IV contrast

A
  • Imaging method of choice for imaging the liver parenchyma

MRI is valuable in the imaging of primary tumors and liver metastases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hepatic angiography

A
  • Reserved for those patients who need detailed evaluation of the hepatic vasculature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Benign tumors

A
  • Hepatic adenoma
  • Focal nodular hyperplasia
  • More common in young and middle aged women who have been taking birth control pills or hormonal replacement therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A
  • Hepatoma

- More common in cirrhotic patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The most common benign liver tumor

A
  • Cavernous hemangioma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hepatic cysts and abscesses key concepts

A
  • These are two nonneoplastic liver masses
  • Easily diagnosed with cross-sectional imaging techniques
  • Ultrasound for hepatic cyst
  • Percutaneous aspiration for liver abscess
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

At ultrasound a hepatic cyst appears

A
  • Sharply defined round mass

- Thin wall that is echolucent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diagnosis of a liver abscess is usually confirmed by

A
  • Percutaneous aspiration

- Performed by a radiologist using CT or ultrasound guidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Blunt liver trauma

A
  • Most commonly caused by MVA’s (motor vehicle accidents) and falls
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Penetrating liver trauma

A
  • Caused by stab wounds, gunshot wounds, and liver biopsy complications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Liver trauma key concepts

A
  • CT with oral and IV contrast is the imaging method of choice for liver trauma
  • Unstable patient should be imaged at the bedside with portable ultrasound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cirrhosis, splenomegaly, and ascites key concepts

A
  • Cirrhosis resulting from chronic alcoholism will alter the size, shape, contours, or density of the liver
  • CT is the imaging method of choice for cirrhosis, and may show splenomegaly (from portal hypertension), and ascites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Splenic trauma key concepts

A
  • The spleen is the organ most frequently injured during blunt abdominal trauma
  • CT is the imaging method of choice for splenic trauma
  • Unstable patient should be imaged at the bedside with portable ultrasound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gallstones in cholelithiasis

A
  • Appear in ultrasound as echogenic, with acoustic shadows

- Only 10% of gallstones are radiopaque and may be imaged by plain films

17
Q

Imaging method of choice for evaluating gallbladder disease

A
  • Ultrasound

- 95% accuracy rate in the detection of gallstones

18
Q

Acute cholecystitis (or acute inflammation of the gallbladder)

A
  • 90% of cases caused by obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstones
19
Q

Emphysematous cholecystitis can be see radiographically with

A
  • Air in the gallbladder wall
20
Q

Porcelain gallbladder can be seen with

A
  • Calcification of the gallbladder wall
21
Q

Oral cholecystogram (OCG)

A
  • Rarely done today

- Patient ingests a contrast material the night before the exam

22
Q

Cholescinctigraphy key concepts

A
  • Nuclear medicine imaging of the liver and gallbladder
  • Also known as the HIDA (hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid) scan
  • Because the cystic duct is nearly always occluded in acute cholecystitis, there is generally no visualization of the gallbladder, even on delayed images
23
Q

Obstruction of the biliary tree imaging options

A
  • Ultrasound
  • Cholescintigraphy
  • CT
  • Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)
  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
24
Q

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography key concepts

A
  • Carried out by injection of a water soluble contrast material directly into the liver through the skin
  • The biliary tree is seen in great detail, as well as a site of biliary obstruction
25
Q

Pancreas key concepts

A
  • Pancreas is not visible on plain films, but pancreatic calcifications may be evident in some patients (usually diagnostic of chronic pancreatitis)
  • Ultrasound may show pancreatic masses, peudocysts, and pancreatic duct dilation, but pancreatic anatomy is more clearly delineated with CT
26
Q

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (pancreas key concepts)

A
  • Involves cannulization, under fluoroscopic control, of the common bile duct and the pancreatic ducts via the ampulla of Vater during upper endoscopy
  • When ultrasound or angiographic studies of suspected panceatic disease is uncertain, ERCP is usually conclusive
27
Q

Imaging method of choice for patients suspected of having pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, pancreatic abscesses, and pancreatic trauma

A
  • CT
28
Q

Courvoisier’s law (Courvoisier’s sign)

A
  • A statement that the gallbladder is smaller than usual if a gallstone blocks the common bile duct, but is dilated if the common bile duct is blocked by something other than a gallstone, such as pancreatic cancer
29
Q

Renal diseases

A
  • Renal cysts
  • Polycystic renal disease
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Renal masses
30
Q

CT scan of a fractured kidney

A
  • Slice at the level of the
    kidneys shows no laceration,
    but reveals blood in the
    perirenal space, surrounding the kidney
31
Q

Summary

A
  • CT of the GI tract demonstrates conditions that alter the thickness of the bowel wall
  • CT with contrast is the imaging method of choice for most abdominal organs (with the exception of the gallbladder)
  • Ultrasound is the imaging method of choice for most gallbladder pathology

General Radiology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions