9/9-9/11--Theories and Locke's Model

Question 1

Who proposed the Nativist Theory?

Answer 1

Noam chomsky

Question 2

Describe the Nativist Theory

Answer 2

• theory of syntax
• language is a product of the human brain
• children are born with a language acquisition device
• universal rules of grammar exist that apply to all languages within this LAD
• borne with an innate ability to learn language-the knowledge for the acquisition is present at birth
• environment shapes the unique rules of the child’s first language

Question 3

What does the cognitive theory emphasize?

Answer 3

cognition/knowledge and mental processes like attention, memory, and auditory & visual perception

focus on child’s regulation of learning and on internal aspects of behavior

Question 4

Who supported the cognitive theory? and what did he believe?

Answer 4

Piaget

he supported a strong cognitive hypothesis. he believed children acquire necessary cognitive processes that lead to higher levels of lagnauge development

Question 5

Do cognitive theorists believe that language is innate or learned?

Answer 5

NO!

they believe it emerges because of cognitive growth.

Question 6

Who supported the behavioral theory?

Answer 6

BF Skinner

Question 7

Describe the behavioral theory

Answer 7

events in the child’s environment are important–a child only learns the language he/she is exposed to

verbal behavior is shaped and maintained by members of the verbal community

clinicians who work from this perspective focus on targeting observable behavior and manipulating a stimulus and response w/ reinforcement (THINK ABA)

Question 8

Describe the information processing theory

Answer 8

concerned with cognitive functioning. HOW language is learned.

human information processing system encodes stimuli from the environment, operates on interpretations of them, stores the results, and allows previously stored information to be retrieved.

auditory processing plays a big role in this theory

Question 9

Describe the social interactionism theory

Answer 9

human language comes from the social communication function of language.

people are motivated to interact socially with others. this is why infants begin to react to human faces & respond.

language FUNCTION not STRUCTURE is important

language is a tool for social interaction

zone of proximal development/scaffolding

language is first learned through interactions and THEN used to structure thought

Question 10

Who supported the social interactionism theory?

Answer 10

Vygotsky

Question 11

What are the three threats to language acquisition?

Answer 11

neurobiology
etiology
psycholinguistic processes

Question 12

What is neurobiology?

Answer 12

• brain structure abnormality

- brain function abnormality

Question 13

what is etiology?

Answer 13

-premature birth, neurological disease, defective genes, abnormal communicative environment, early hearing problems, etc…

Question 14

What are psycho linguistic processes?

Answer 14

fundamental problem in perception, memory, & abstracting grammatical rules

Question 15

What are Locke’s 4 phases of development?

Answer 15

1. vocal learning
2. utterance acquisition
3. analysis and computation
4. integration & elaboration

Question 16

What is the age range for vocal learning/stage 1?

Answer 16

prenatal –5-7 months

Question 17

What is the age range for utterance acquistion/stage 2?

Answer 17

5-7 months – 20-37 months

Question 18

What is the age range for analysis and computation/stage 3?

Answer 18

20-37 months–3+ years

Question 19

What is the age range for integration and elaboration/stage 4?

Answer 19

3+ years–death

Question 20

What are some specific linguistic developments occurring in stage 1?

Answer 20

child is getting by

learning caregiver’s vocal characteristics

responding differently to changes in social emotional language

Question 21

What systems of language are developing in phase 1?

Answer 21

• (prosody)
• pragmatics
• phonology

Question 22

What does phase 1, 2, 3, & 4 of Locke’s model depend on?

Answer 22

• Outside exposure
• ATLDs
• successful previous stage (for 2, 3, & 4)

Question 23

What are ATLDs?

Answer 23

Absence of Threats to Language Development

Question 24

What TLDs at phase 2 can get in the way and be detrimental?

Answer 24

• ear infections
• sickly
• ID
• ADHD

Question 25

What are some specific linguistic developments occurring in stage 2?

Answer 25

• Storing holophrases and words
• Not organized
• Using figurative speech

Question 26

What systems of language are developing in phase 2?

Answer 26

• Phonology
• Pragmatics
• (Prosody)
• Semantics

Question 27

What are some specific linguistic developments occurring in stage 3?

Answer 27

• Recognizing patterns
• Using syntax and grammar structures
• Phonological awareness is developing

Question 28

What systems of language are developing in phase 3?

Answer 28

• syntax
  
  • morphology
  • phonology
  • semantics
  • pramatics
  • (prosody)

Question 29

what are some specific linguistic developments occurring in stage 4?

Answer 29

• Organization of incoming information
• Near transfer happens more easily
• Extensive language learning

Question 30

What systems of language are developing in phase 4?

Answer 30

• syntax
  
  • morphology
  • phonology
  • semantics
  • pramatics
  • (prosody)