9/9-9/11--Theories and Locke's Model Flashcards
Becky
Who proposed the Nativist Theory?
Noam chomsky
Describe the Nativist Theory
- theory of syntax
- language is a product of the human brain
- children are born with a language acquisition device
- universal rules of grammar exist that apply to all languages within this LAD
- borne with an innate ability to learn language-the knowledge for the acquisition is present at birth
- environment shapes the unique rules of the child’s first language
What does the cognitive theory emphasize?
cognition/knowledge and mental processes like attention, memory, and auditory & visual perception
focus on child’s regulation of learning and on internal aspects of behavior
Who supported the cognitive theory? and what did he believe?
Piaget
he supported a strong cognitive hypothesis. he believed children acquire necessary cognitive processes that lead to higher levels of lagnauge development
Do cognitive theorists believe that language is innate or learned?
NO!
they believe it emerges because of cognitive growth.
Who supported the behavioral theory?
BF Skinner
Describe the behavioral theory
events in the child’s environment are important–a child only learns the language he/she is exposed to
verbal behavior is shaped and maintained by members of the verbal community
clinicians who work from this perspective focus on targeting observable behavior and manipulating a stimulus and response w/ reinforcement (THINK ABA)
Describe the information processing theory
concerned with cognitive functioning. HOW language is learned.
human information processing system encodes stimuli from the environment, operates on interpretations of them, stores the results, and allows previously stored information to be retrieved.
auditory processing plays a big role in this theory
Describe the social interactionism theory
human language comes from the social communication function of language.
people are motivated to interact socially with others. this is why infants begin to react to human faces & respond.
language FUNCTION not STRUCTURE is important
language is a tool for social interaction
zone of proximal development/scaffolding
language is first learned through interactions and THEN used to structure thought
Who supported the social interactionism theory?
Vygotsky
What are the three threats to language acquisition?
neurobiology
etiology
psycholinguistic processes
What is neurobiology?
- brain structure abnormality
- brain function abnormality
what is etiology?
-premature birth, neurological disease, defective genes, abnormal communicative environment, early hearing problems, etc…
What are psycho linguistic processes?
fundamental problem in perception, memory, & abstracting grammatical rules
What are Locke’s 4 phases of development?
- vocal learning
- utterance acquisition
- analysis and computation
- integration & elaboration
What is the age range for vocal learning/stage 1?
prenatal –5-7 months
What is the age range for utterance acquistion/stage 2?
5-7 months – 20-37 months
What is the age range for analysis and computation/stage 3?
20-37 months–3+ years
What is the age range for integration and elaboration/stage 4?
3+ years–death
What are some specific linguistic developments occurring in stage 1?
child is getting by
learning caregiver’s vocal characteristics
responding differently to changes in social emotional language
What systems of language are developing in phase 1?
- (prosody)
- pragmatics
- phonology
What does phase 1, 2, 3, & 4 of Locke’s model depend on?
- Outside exposure
- ATLDs
- successful previous stage (for 2, 3, & 4)
What are ATLDs?
Absence of Threats to Language Development
What TLDs at phase 2 can get in the way and be detrimental?
- ear infections
- sickly
- ID
- ADHD
What are some specific linguistic developments occurring in stage 2?
- Storing holophrases and words
- Not organized
- Using figurative speech
What systems of language are developing in phase 2?
- Phonology
- Pragmatics
- (Prosody)
- Semantics
What are some specific linguistic developments occurring in stage 3?
- Recognizing patterns
- Using syntax and grammar structures
- Phonological awareness is developing
What systems of language are developing in phase 3?
- syntax
- morphology
- phonology
- semantics
- pramatics
- (prosody)
what are some specific linguistic developments occurring in stage 4?
- Organization of incoming information
- Near transfer happens more easily
- Extensive language learning
What systems of language are developing in phase 4?
- syntax
- morphology
- phonology
- semantics
- pramatics
- (prosody)
