9/9/13- Fluency Lecture 2 & 3 Flashcards
Who said, “Stuttering is characterized by an abnormally high frequency and/or duration of stoppage in normal flow of
speech.”
Peters & Guitar
Who said, “Stuttering is the result of a conflict between opposed urges to speak and to hold back from speaking.”
Sheehan
Who said, “Stuttering is the disorganization of normally fluent speech that is a consequence of conditioned emotion…it is the fluency failure that results when conditioned stimuli evoke a disruptive emotional response.”
Brutten and Shoemaker
Who said, “Stuttering consists of disorders of rhythm of speech, in which the individual knows precisely what he wishes to say, but at the same time is unable to say it because of an involuntary repetition, prolongation or cessation of a sound.”
World Health Organization
Who said, “Stuttering is an anticipatory, apprehensive, hypertonic, avoidance reaction.”
Johnson
Who said, “Stuttering occurs when the forward flow of speech is interrupted by motorically disrupted sound, syllable, or word….or by the speaker’s reaction thereto.”
Van Riper
Who said, “Stuttering is the disruption in the fluency of verbal expression characterized by the involuntary “,…. audible or silent repetitions or prolongations… “in the utterance of short
speech elements such as sounds syllables and words of one syllable. The disruptions usually occur frequently, marked in character, and are not readily controllable”
Wingate
Who said, “Stuttering is speech that is produced intermittently with excessive force.”
Starkweather
Who said, “Whatever the source of stuttering is, it is not amenable to the treatment I have developed. Therefore, I refuse to deal with it further.”
Sigmund Freud
Who said, “The lack of cerebral processing center on one side of the brain which was powerful enough to impose it’s timing patterns on the other hemisphere was viewed as basic, organic factors in stuttering.”
Van Riper, 1982
True or false:
Stuttering is not difficult to define or operationalize?
False
True or false: stuttering is more than just simply the number and type of disfluency?
true
What makes stuttering so complex?
Emotion, cognitive & behavioral reactions
*** like an iceburg- you see the tip of the iceburg above the water, but there is much more to be uncovered below the surface.
How did Sigmund Freud view stuttering?
- as a neurotic disorder
- personality disorder
- a reflection of simultaneous & competing desires to talk & remain silent.
Who developed the Cerebral Dominance Theory?
Dr Samuel Orton & Dr. Lee Edward Travis (1920s)
What does the Cerebral Dominance Theory say?
- Lack of central synchronization so the muscles of speech would be smoothly coordinated. The midline didn’t act in concert with the pacing provided by the dominant hemisphere.
Who said, “The lack of cerebral processing center on one side of the brain which was powerful enough to impose it’s timing patterns on the other hemisphere was viewed as basic, organic factors in stuttering.”
Van Riper
Who founded the Diagnostic/Semantogenic Theory?
Dr. Wendell Johnson (1930s)
What is the Diagnostic/Semantogenic theory?
It says that stuttering is in the ear of the listener and it is caused by undue attention to normal disfluency
Which theory is referred to as the blame game?
Diagnostic/Semantogenic theory
Who was one of the major father’s of our field?
Dr. Charles Van Riper
What was the therapy approach that Dr. Charles Van Riper developed?
The Van Riper/Iowa Therapy (1940s)
What were the goals of the Van Riper/Iowa Therapy approach / Stuttering Modification Therapy?
- Reduce the feelings of shame and anxiety. Desensitization oneself.
- Teach stutters to modify the way they stutter.
* focused on the stuttering itself and to change the stuttering
What therapy technique resulted from the Van Riper/Iowa Therapy approach?
Stuttering Modification Therapy
