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Fall '13-147 (Exam 1) > 9/11 & 9/16-Foundations of Assessment > Flashcards

9/11 & 9/16-Foundations of Assessment Flashcards

IC- 9/16 (starting at card 17)

1
Q

What is the definition of Assessment?

A

the process of collecting valid and reliable information, integrating it, and interpreting it to make a judgment or decision about something

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2
Q

What is a “good” assessment? (5 things)

A
  • a good assessment is thorough
  • a good assessment uses a variety of assessment modalities
  • a good assessment is valid
  • a good assessment is reliable
  • a good assessment is tailored to the individual client
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3
Q

What are the 7 steps in completing an assessment?

A
  • obtain historical information
  • interview
  • oral peripheral examination
  • sample and evaluate the client’s speech/language abilities and/or swallowing abilities
  • screen hearing
  • evaluate assessment information to determine conclusions and recommendations
  • share clinical findings
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4
Q

What is the definition of validity?

A

the test truly measures what it claims to measure

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5
Q

What are the different types of validities?

A
  • face validity
  • content validity
  • construct validity **
  • criterion validity (concurrent & predictive)
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6
Q

What is face validity?

A

it appears to measure what it claims based on appearance and judgment

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7
Q

what is content validity?

A

the completeness of the test— ie: a valid artic test will look @ ALL the English phonemes

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8
Q

What is construct validity?

A

the ability to measure a predetermined theoretical construct
–a widely accepted standard**

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9
Q

What is criterion validity

A

based on external criteria

there is concurrent and predictive criterion validity

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10
Q

what is concurrent validity?

A

tests the validity compared to a widely accepted standard

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11
Q

What is predictive validity?

A

given a later situation or a later time it predicts what will happen (ie: GRE predicts how well you will do in grad school)

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12
Q

What is reliability?

A

results are replicable; consistent results on repeated administrations

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13
Q

what is test-retest reliability?

A

a tests stability over time

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14
Q

what is split-half reliability?

A

compare 1/2 of the test to the other 1/2 of the test.. the two sides should be consistent

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15
Q

What is rater reliability?

A

same person or different person should be able to obtain similar result, especially w/ standardized assessments!

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16
Q

What should standardized tests include?

A
  • purpose of the test
  • test construction and development
  • administration and scoring procedures
  • normative sample group/statistical information
  • test reliability
  • test validity
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17
Q

What is the most important take away about assessment?

A

Pick the tool appropriate for your work setting

18
Q

What are norm assessments?

A

Standardized assessments where client is compared to the average

19
Q

What is the mean?

A

average score & it determines the peak of a bell shape curve

20
Q

What is the mode?

A

most frequent score

21
Q

What is the median?

A

middle score

22
Q

What is standard deviation?

A

The distribution away from the group average

23
Q

In a normal distribution bell curve what percentage of people will fall within 1 SD away from the mean?

A

68% (34% on each side)

24
Q

In a normal distribution bell curve what percentage of people will fall within 2 SD away from the mean?

A

95% (47.5% on each side)

25
Q

In a normal distribution bell curve what percentage of people will fall within 3 SD away from the mean?

A

99% (49.85% on each side)

26
Q

Why is SD so important for qualifying for services?

A

You must have 2 test scores that result in less than or greater than 2 SD from the mean in order to qualify for services

27
Q

What is the z score?

A
  • Standard score
  • It is a way of standardizing each score with reference to the rest of the scores
  • Tells how many standard deviations the raw score is from the mean
  • Shows where individual score lies along continuum of bell-shaped curve- how different score is from the average
28
Q

What is the percentile rank?

A
  • Another way of expressing individual standing compared to normal distributions
  • The mean represents 50th percentile
  • Tells percentage of people scoring at or below a given score
29
Q

In order for a child to qualify for services in the school district they have to be below what standard score?

A

75

30
Q

What is the stanine?

A

AKA- standard nine

  • Based in a line unit scale where 5 depicts average performance (on a scale of 1-10)
  • score based on average
  • Most people (54%) score stanines of 4, 5, 6
  • Few people (8%) score stanines of 1 or 9
31
Q

What do standardized assessments give us?

A
  • percentiles
  • standard scores
  • standard deviations
32
Q

What makes a test standardized?

A

They have been:

  • normed
  • tested
  • they have reliability
  • they have validity
33
Q

What is criterion-referenced tests?

A
  • Identifies what a client can/cannot do compared to a predefined criterion
34
Q

T/F

In a criterion referenced test you are comparing your clients skills to someone else

A

False

** this is a child who is preschool and he is at a 3 year old level. What would be my expectations of him and how does he deviate from what is expected from him?

35
Q

T/F

Criterion referenced tests may or may not be standardized

A

True

36
Q

What type of client is criterion referenced tests used primarily for?

A
  • Neurological disorders
  • fluency
  • voice
  • aspects of articulation/language
37
Q

What is authentic assessment approach?

A
  • Alternative assessment or nontraditional assessment
38
Q

Describe the environment for an authentic assessment approach?

A
  • a realistic environment
  • ongoing
  • requires more clinical skill, experience and creativity
39
Q

What is the code of fair testing practices in education?

A
  • We need to follow the established procedures
  • Accomodate those with disabilities
  • Accomodate those with cultural differences
  • Selecting appropriate tests
  • administering and scoring tests
  • reporting and interpreting rest results
  • informing test takers of the results of the assessment
  • Guidelines for how long records need to be kept in locked cabinet
  • test takers also have the right to obtain all copies of records
40
Q

What does the code of ethics say for SLPs?

A
  • You need to have a high standard of integrity and ethical principles
  • Promote public understanding
  • uphold dignity and autonomy
  • be professional
  • don’t do something you don’t have the qualification, education or skills to do

Fall '13-147 (Exam 1) (7 decks)

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