8th Grade Science Test 7 Flashcards
the outermost layer of the atmosphere
exosphere
air flowing up a mountain’s slope due to differences in temperature and pressure
anabatic
type of wind that occurs when dense, cold air flows from higher to lower elevations due to gravity
fall wind
very dry and often dusty wind that blows in Southern California
Santa Ana
layer of the atmosphere that “bounces” certain types of radio waves back toward the ground
ionosphere
heat transfer by electromagnetic waves
radiation
heat transfer by moving currents of hot air
convection
a cool, gentle wind that blows from the land to the sea
land breeze
the most powerful and dangerous form of UV radiation
UVC
type of radiation that causes tanning and sunburns
UVB
layer of the atmosphere characterized by high temperatures
thermosphere
the most abundant gas in the homosphere
nitrogen
the process in which the temperature of a gas rises as the gas is compressed with no heat lost
adiabatic heating
the coldest point in the atmosphere
mesopause
marks the upper boundary of the thermosphere
thermopause
Does insolation warm water more quickly than it warms land?
No
Does water hold heat longer than land does?
Yes
Does insolation warm water more slowly than it warms land?
yes
which rises faster–warm or cool air?
warm
winds that reverse their direction from season to season
monsoons
a warm, dry wind that travels down a slope
foehn
Be able to label the convection cells.
polar cell
Ferrel cell
Hadley cell
upper troposphere waves that play a large part in the formation of cyclones and anticyclones
Rossby waves
the four main actors that affect insolation
cloud cover
length of daytime
angle of the sun’s rays
Earth’s distance from the sun
the scientific name for the northern and southern lights
auroras
the layer of the atmosphere that acts as a “shield” to protect the earth’s surface
ozone layer
least understood layer of the atmosphere
mesosphere
the atmosphere’s “weather layer”
troposphere
strong, steady winds but few changes of weather
stratosphere
portion of the earth’s magnetic field that is affected by the solar winds
magnetosphere
the decimal equivalent of solar radiation that an object reflects
albedo
the blanket of gases that surrounds our planet
atmosphere
a circulating spiral of wind around a low-pressure system
cyclone
term referring to the amount of energy available to heat the earth’s land, water, and air
energy budget
the process that traps heat in the earth’s atmosphere
greenhouse effect
belt-like regions surrounding the earth that trap particles from the solar wind
Van Allen radiation belts
regions of high pressure and gentle winds at 30 degrees north and south latitude
horse latitudes
surface winds that blow from high-pressure regions toward the equator
trade winds
equatorial zone where sailing ships were often left without wind
ITCZ
high-altitude wind in a narrow, meandering band
jet stream
a circulating spiral of wind around a high-pressure system
anticyclone
atmosphere pressure at sea level in pounds per square inch
14.7
extremely powerful radiation that comes from deep space
cosmic rays
the most important greenhouse gas
water vapor
the region in which a magnet affects other objects
magnetic field
the lower layer of the atmosphere
homosphere
Explain what the Coriolis effect s and why it occurs.
Please find this for yourself.
