8th Grade Science Test 4 Flashcards
a huge bowl-shaped depressions dug out by a valley glacier
cirque
a natural ridge formed along the edge of a river’s channel
levee
type of weathering involving the breaking or peeling away of rock into layers
exfoliation
a pillar like structure of rock formed when the middle of a sea arch collapses
sea stack
the feature formed by streams merging and flowing toward the sea as a large river
river system
produced when a sea cave is eroded continually
sea arch
large, deep grooves and scratches in rock, produced by glaciers
striae
the piles of debris left behind when a glacier melts
moraines
a low hill formed when a glacier overruns a moraine
drumling
deposits of clay and silt left by a sandstorm
loess
the type of weathering that occurs when rainwater soaks into cracks in a rock and freezes, splitting the rock
ice wedging
when a glacier-carved valley fills with seawater, what forms?
fjord
the natural acid found in rainwater and ground water, that promotes chemical weathering of rocks
carbonic acid
the most important effect of wind erosion
deflation
regions of the earth’s surface where limestone is exposed and abundant
karst regions
ice sheets smaller than continental glaciers
ice caps
a long pile of rocks deposited parallel to the shore to prevent erosion
breakwater
the sharp, steeple-shaped point of a mountain with three or more cirques
horn
a large, funnel-shaped depression in the ground caused by cavern collapse
sinkhole
narrow, sandy islands that lie off the coast of the mainland
barrier islands
the eroding action of windblown sand
abrasion
suspension, saltation, and creep, in which sand transports sediments
aeolian processes
the natural processes that break down rocks
weathering
a spirelike mass of dripstone on the floor of a cave
stalagmite
the method of erosion prevention that modifies a smooth slope into a series of level, starlike steps
terracing
the carrying away of rock fragments, such as by wind or running water
erosion
the type of rock most commonly associated with caverns
limestone
particles too heavy to be lifted by the wind are rolled in short bursts through a process called
creep
the source of a river
headwaters
the sediments carried by a stream
load
one of numerous streams that feed into a river at various points
tributary
land that borders a river and is covered by river water in flood time
floodplain
a winding, looping curve in a river on flat ground
meander
lake formed when a sharp curve in a river is cut off from the rest of the river
oxbow lake
fan-shaped deposit of sediments at the mouth of a river
delta
region of land drained by a stream or river system
drainage basin
a large stream that carries water from the mountains to the sea
river
fan-shaped deposit of sediments at the mouth of a dry stream bed in the desert
alluvial fan
two general types of weathering
chemical weathering
physical weathering
the two major types of glaciers
continental glacier
valley (or alpine) glacier
the deep cracks that develop on the surface of a glacier
crevasses
limestone formations that have become filled with various passageways and large caves
caverns
the main agent of chemical weathering
water
a vertical face of rock that forms when the sea erodes land
sea cliff
List and describe three of the five major types of mass wasting. (6 points each) I will list them. You will need to study in your book, quizzes, worksheets to describe them for studying purposes.
soil creep mudflows avalanche landslide rockfalls
