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8th Grade English LSS > 8th grade english semester exam study cards > Flashcards

8th grade english semester exam study cards Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

metacognition

A

to think about your own thinking; when a reader pauses and asks themselves if they understand what they just read

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2
Q

narrative

A

type of writing used to tell a story that is either fiction or non-fiction. It tends to focus on characterization and follows the standard plot structure: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution

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3
Q

expository

A

used to explain something specific such as why certain events took place

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4
Q

coherence

A

when ideas fit or flow together smoothly

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5
Q

Young adult novel

A

novels written for teens

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6
Q

Classic literature

A

novels, poems, and plays that have continued to impress adult readers for generations

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7
Q

Historical fiction

A

genre devoted to portraying historical events and figures in realistic, accurate, and entertaining ways

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8
Q

dialect

A

words and expressions that convey aspects of a speaker’s background (where they were raised, how educated they are, their personalities and attitude, etc.)

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9
Q

Direct characterization

A

when an author explains a character’s traits directly

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10
Q

Indirect characterization

A

when readers have to draw their own conclusions about a character’s personality

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11
Q

allusion

A

literary element that suggests an additional layer of meaning beyond its literal, obvious meaning. It requires the reader to share some specific knowledge with the author. Example: “Ask me anything, I’m a walking Google,” says Kayla. (you must know what google is in order to understand that Kayla is telling someone that she is very smart, therefore she can answer any questions you may have)

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12
Q

connotation

A

feelings words evoke. Example: scrawny has a negative connotation where as slim or slender have positive connotations

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13
Q

conflict

A

struggles faced by characters

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14
Q

external conflict

A

arises when a character faces a problem involving an outside force

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15
Q

internal conflict

A

happen within characters’ hearts or minds

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16
Q

dynamic character

A

change as a result of the events of the plot

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17
Q

flat character

A

usually play a minor role in the story, so you rarely discover enough about them to know if they undergo any major transformations

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18
Q

static character

A

a character who does not change throughout the story

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19
Q

round character

A

a character who is developed/goes through changes throughout the novel

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20
Q

What is the difference between prose and poetry as forms of writing?

A

Prose consists of narrative, informative, persuasive, or expository types of writing usually written in complete sentences. Poetry is usually written in stanzas and can be written in small, incomplete sentences. It usually has some sort of rhythmic pattern to it as well

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21
Q

Distinguish the difference between historical fiction and a novel written during a different period in history.

A

Historical fiction is a literary genre where the story takes place in the past. Historical novels capture the details of the time period as accurately as possible for authenticity, including social norms, manners, customs, and traditions

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22
Q

What details are related to a story’s setting?

A

time and place

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23
Q

universal themes

A

themes that are widely-held ideas and beliefs

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24
Q

literary analysis

A

to take a careful, more thoughtful look at a novel, poem, or play

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25
Q

claim statement

A

describes your experience as you read a book, including what you observed and what you thought it meant. It needs to be supported by proof

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26
Q

counterargument

A

an opposing argument

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27
Q

coherent

A

easy-to-follow

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28
Q

unified

A

when all of a paragraph’s sentences support and develop one main idea

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29
Q

diction

A

word choice

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30
Q

verb tense

A

The tense of a verb. It is determined by when the action took place (past tense, present tense, future tense)

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31
Q

editorial guidelines

A

requirements an essay/story must meet to be considered for publication

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32
Q

style guide

A

set of standards for how to write, format, and design documents

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33
Q

pronoun-antecedent ( something that came before) agreement

A

making pronouns agree with their antecedents

34
Q

mechanics

A

punctuation and capitalization

35
Q

historical documents

A

books, newspaper articles, photographs, letters, and other sources that provide a record of historical events

36
Q

National Archives

A

important historical documents that are available to the public

37
Q

primary source

A

documents created during the time of the event or by people directly involved in the event

38
Q

secondary source

A

provides very useful information, but was not created during the time of the event or by people directly involved in the event (summaries, explanations, and interpretations of historical events or official documents)

39
Q

Text structure

A

pattern of organization

40
Q

Social movement

A

protesting about a social issue

41
Q

contradicting

A

going against

42
Q

citations

A

description of what sources were used

43
Q

Academic discourse

A

listening and talking about academic topics

44
Q

How would you define segregation and explain how it affected African American communities in the South?

A

Separation of the whites and the blacks; Racial inequality. It affected African American communities in the sense that they were being mistreated simply because of their skin color. Their communities were very racist towards them and felt that whites were superior to blacks. It was a very difficult and dangerous time for African Americans

45
Q

Can you identify common organizational patterns in historical documents?

A

Sequential (in number order; first this happened, then this happened) order and Chronological (by date; by what year things happened) order, Cause and effect

46
Q

Can you describe the key elements and history of the Civil Rights movement, including its leaders, key events, and outcomes?

A

The Civil rights movement was a fight for racial equality; Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr.; Bus Boycott; Eventually, things became pretty equal between races

47
Q

text features

A

elements that are not part of the written text (design elements that show how the text is organized or they explain, elaborate on, or illustrate complex ideas and processes)

48
Q

jargon

A

technical words and phrases that people in the field of science will understand immediately but that others will find foreign

49
Q

domain

A

field of study

50
Q

affixes/word roots

A

letters added onto a word to change its meaning

51
Q

reference material

A

materials (dictionaries) that help you learn the meaning of the word

52
Q

infographic

A

combines text and images to deliver a complete set of facts about a very specific topic

53
Q

figure

A

scientific diagram; visual format used to make complex scientific topics easier to understand

54
Q

point of reference

A

using a historical fact that many readers will know (as their reference point), and then explain how things have changed since then

55
Q

transitional tags

A

words and phrases that indicate the order in which events occurred

56
Q

journalism

A

A career in which you are trained to create news media (most often as a writer, but not always)

57
Q

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

A

national organization responsible for managing the types of programming we see in the media

58
Q

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

A

responsible for managing trade (the buying and selling of goods and services)

59
Q

sensationalism

A

using exaggerated language to dramatize the story

60
Q

irony

A

any situation that defies the expectations of the viewer or reader. Examples: If an educated person says something incredibly stupid or if a child does something that only an adult would do

61
Q

absurdity

A

when there is almost no connection between people’s expectations and what actually happens. Example: a scene in which a man proposes to his girlfriend, and her response is to moo like a cow

62
Q

simile

A

figure of speech that directly compares two things using words such as “like” or “as”. Example: “She is as innocent as an angel”

63
Q

metaphor

A

figure of speech that directly refers to one thing by mentioning another. Example: “Love is a battlefield”

64
Q

denotation

A

primary, dictionary definitions

65
Q

avant-garde

A

any play that challenges the traditional definition of drama. It is similar to experimental theater except for the fact that it usually includes very few props or other set pieces

66
Q

Modernist movement

A

movement in which modernist writers began writing pieces that defied the normal drama of the time. The movement began after World War 1. The plays written during this time challenged the audiences to think about how their societies and communities worked rather than just accept the way things were

67
Q

dramatic irony

A

when the audience knows something the characters do not. Example: In Romeo and Juliet, the audience knows that Juliet drank an elixir that makes it appear as if she is dead. When Romeo finds her, he believes that Juliet is dead, and he drinks poison so that he can be with her in death.

68
Q

characterization

A

the development of a character

69
Q

what are the stages of a standard plot?

A

exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution

70
Q

one-act play

A

brief and condensed story that includes all the standard elements of a play (fewer characters, characters are introduced quickly + are limited in development, there are no major changes in time/place, dialogue is on point and quickly moves the action along, has one main action/problem, contains theme/lesson)

71
Q

plot structure

A

The development of a plots’ structure. (the beginning, middle, and end)

72
Q

verbal irony

A

when a character says the opposite of what he or she means. Example: Tony looked out his new apartment window at an alley of dumpsters and said, “Wow, what a beautiful view.”

73
Q

situational irony

A

when the exact opposite of what the audience expects to happen is what actually happens. Example: In the Gift of the Magi, both of the main characters sell their most prized possessions to buy the other one a gift. Jim sells his watch to buy his wife, Della, special combs for her hair. Meanwhile, Della sells her hair to buy Jim a band for his watch. The irony is that each gift is intended for the item the other one sold

74
Q

hyperbole

A

an absurd exaggeration. Example: She’s as skinny as a toothpick

75
Q

inciting incident

A

thrusts the main character into the action and hooks in the reader

76
Q

playwriting

A

the act of writing a play

77
Q

stagecraft

A

the art of producing a play

78
Q

gerund phrase

A

acts as a noun and starts with a verb that ends in -ing. Example: (bursting into the room) What did I miss? : bursting is the gerund

79
Q

infinitive phrase

A

starts with an infinitive, which is followed by the simple form of a verb. Infinitive phrases can act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Example: (to show she is hurt and angry) How could you?! : to is the infinitive

80
Q

participle phrase

A

acts as an adjective and begins with a participle—an adjective made from a verb. Example: (frightened by the storm) Mama! : frightened is the participle

81
Q

syntax

A

the way words are arranged in a sentence

82
Q

historical perspective

A

understanding the social, cultural, intellectual, and emotional settings that shaped people’s lives and actions in the past

8th Grade English LSS (2 decks)

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