8th grade english semester 2 study cards Flashcards
1
Q
diction
A
word choice
2
Q
documentation
A
giving credit to the origional source
3
Q
revision
A
rewriting ideas/content
4
Q
imagery
A
building a picture in the mind of the reader
5
Q
elaboration
A
expanding on a piece of writing; painting a picture in the reader’s mind
6
Q
transitions
A
words/phrases that connect your ideas
7
Q
coordinating conjuction
A
common transitional tags(and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet)
8
Q
subordinating conjunction
A
When words like after, although, as, before, if, one, whenever, where, and whereas are used to begin a dependent clause
9
Q
anaphora
A
when a word/group of words is repeated in 2 or more back-to-back clauses, phrases, or sentences
10
Q
metonymy
A
the use of a word to stand in for an object/concept
11
Q
synecdoche
A
when a decription of an object is used to represent it
12
Q
inverted syntax
A
rearrange words of a sentence in a way that is different from the expected order
13
Q
onomatopoeia
A
a word that sounds like its meaning
14
Q
claim
A
an idea/position about a topic
15
Q
peer review
A
having someone else read what you’ve written and telling them what it seems to say
16
Q
reflective writing
A
deriving new meanings from previous experiences
17
Q
rhetorical devices
A
stylistic devices(figuritive/sensory language, anecdotes, etc.)
18
Q
active voice
A
when the subject(person/thing) does something(verb)
19
Q
passive voice
A
when the action(verb) is done by someone
20
Q
verb mood
A
the tense of a verb
21
Q
parallel structure
A
parts of a sentence(words/phrases/clauses) that are similar in length/form
22
Q
public speaking
A
speaking intentionally to inspire a public audience purposefully
23
Q
inspirational speech
A
speaking intentionally to inspire your audience
24
Q
insight
A
using your personal experiences to interpret a text
25
rhetorical devices
stylistic devices(figurative/sensory language)
26
pace
your speed/progression
27
projection
speaking loud and clear
28
multimedia presentation
a media that is presented
29
voice over
a narration; narrator's voice dubbed over video/presentation
30
soundtrack
any sounds used to adhere to the multimedia you are creating
31
autobiography
a book written by the subject about his/her entire life
32
author's purpose
the reason a writer wrote something
33
audience
who you are intending to read a piece
34
style
the way in which you write
35
text structure
how you choose to organize your thoughts
36
elements of style
tone, diction, connotation, mood, figurative language, sentence structure, format/organization
37
biography
an account of a person's life written by someone else
38
point of view
perspective; how the writer looks at life
39
subjective
the writer's personal ideas, feelings, and beliefs
40
objective
facts presented in a straightforward, unbiased way without giving the writer's opinion
41
Distinguish between primary + secondary sources
primary written during the time of the event; secondary written after the event
42
explicit details
direct and specific
43
implicit meaning
implied meaning
44
writer's purpose
why a writer chose to write something
45
background knowledge
information about an event that helps you understand it more completely
46
connotation
a words emotional accociations
47
mood
emotional tone; general attitude; atmosphere a writer tries to create
48
tone
writer's attitude towarad a particular subject
49
denotation
a word's literal meaning
50
anecdote
a short, personal story
51
theme
universal truths; lessons learned
52
reflection
to look back upon an experience and add additional insight
53
primary source
when the writer experienced the event
54
personal narrative
a story about one self usually 1-2 pages long
55
secondary source
an analysis of events that the writer did not experience
56
narrative
a writing genre that tells a story
57
essay
a constructed response with a clear beginning, middle, + end
58
topic
a 1 word/phrase main idea
59
sensory details
descriptions based off of the 5 senses
60
figurative language
language that is not literal
61
flashback
when writers look back to a previous time
62
storytelling
the art of telling a story
63
multimedia
multiple platforms of media
64
video production
producing a video
65
collaborative discussion
discussing ideas/opinions to grow from one another
66
relevant
related; having to do with
67
concise
precise; distinct
68
summarize
to put in brief terms/words
69
analyze
to break down into parts and focus on details to better understand the writers purpose
70
literary analysis
identifying parts of a work of literature to figure out how they work together
71
text structure
how the author chooses to organize a text
72
counterargument
an opposing argument/idea/opinion
73
thesis statement
claim the author will attempt to prove
74
textual evidence
evidence from an outside source that supports the thesis
75
interpretation
how a reader uses background knowledge experiences to make meaning of a text
76
prewriting
organizing of thoughts prior to drafting
77
opinion
view/judgment formed about something
78
reasoning
how the author explains their thoughts/interpretations of textual evidence
79
alliteration
the repetition of the initial sounds of several words in a sentence used to add emphasis to keywords
80
hyperbole
extreme exaggeration used to create a special effect
81
metaphor
making a comparison by stating/implying that something is something else
82
personification
to give something that is not a person a human trait
83
persuasion
the act of convincing others
84
rhetoric
methods used to add emphasize to a written piece
85
formal debate
when someone with opposing views contradicts your argument. Then, you give your response
86
affirmative team
the team that agrees with the topic
87
opposing team
the team that disagrees with the topic
88
rebuttal
an opposing argument
89
validity
being logical, accurate, and factual
90
figurative meaning
anything that isn't a literal meaning
91
connotative meaning
meaning that goes beyong its literal defenision
92
extended metaphor
dramatic, poweful comparison of 2 unlike things
93
analogy
comparison between 2 things that are alike in some ways and different in others
94
allusion
when a song/poem includes a reference to another written work
95
poetic devices
a special set of tools used in poetry
96
rhythm
beat/cadence of the text/poem
97
rhyme
when words have a similar ending sound
98
verbal
A word that looks like a verb, but acts like another part of speech
99
infinitive
a verb form that functions as a noun/adjective/adverb (usually adding to in front of a verb)
100
participle
a verb form that functions as an adjective/adverb
101
gerund
verbal that functions as a noun (always ends in -ing)
102
indicative
mood that states a fact or expresses an opinion; sentences that give commands/make requests and end with a period
103
imperative
mood that makes a request/demand
104
interrogative
sentences that ask a question and end with a question mark
105
conditional
mood is used to make requests and refers to uncertain situations
106
subjunctive
mood used to express doubt, possibilities wishes, or to show something isn't factual
107
speaker
an imaginative chracter that speaks the words of a poem
108
persona poem
when a poet "wears the mask" of a fictional character and speaks in that character's voice
109
comma
marks where to pause and shows how words in a sentence should be grouped/seperated from each other
110
semicolon
used to create long pauses, join independent clauses(when coordinating conjunctions aren't used), and separate items in complicated lists
111
colon
follows independent clauses and introduce lists/quotations/statements
112
dash
used to signal a sudden change in thought/direction in thought; used to set off information that interrupts a sentence
113
ellipses
signal trailing off of thought/hesitation and of a quote, show where words were omitted
114
poetic license
to bend/break conventions of standard written English
115
style
the way in which a writer conveys their ideas
116
multiple-meaning words
words with many meanings
117
homonym
words that look and sound alike, but mean different things in different contexts
118
homophone
words that sound the same, but are spelled differently
119
creative process
process by which an author crafts a text
120
main idea
the main topic of a text
121
short story
a slice of life captured by the author that contains basic story elements
122
commentary
usually questions, comments, or connections made by a reader
123
genre
a category of artistic composition
124
horror
highlights extremes in human nature(terror, cruelty )and is written to reach deeper into a reader's psyche
125
science fiction
explores promises of a better life supported by technological advancements and scientific progress, while also addressing fear/anxiety of these advances
126
historical fiction
set in the past, often during a significant period in history
127
experimental fiction
trying out different genres or combinations of genres
128
magical realism
combines realistic story elements with folklore/fantasy
129
surrealism
movement in art/literature to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind
130
flash fiction
story containing less than 1,000 words
131
Freytag's pyramid
a diagram illustrating common patterns in plots of stories
132
plot development
how the story progresses from exposition to resolution
133
conflict
problems/issues in the text(internal/external)
134
resolution
how the conflict is resolved
135
ambiguity
what gives a story, scenes, or details several possible meanings
136
foreshadowing
provides details about the future
137
word nuances
how words affect the reader
