8c - Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
All living cells respire to release energy. Organisms need energy for everything they do.
What is aerobic respiration?
A series of chemical reactions that can be summarised as: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.
How can carbon dioxide be detected?
Using limewater (which turns cloudy) or an indicator (such as hydrogen carbonate) because it is acidic.
What is anaerobic respiration?
It does not require oxygen and is used to release energy from glucose when more energy is needed than can be supplied by aerobic respiration.
What happens during anaerobic respiration in humans?
It causes muscles to tire quickly and cannot be used for extended periods. Lactic acid travels from the muscles to the liver.
What is EPOC?
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, which replaces oxygen lost from stores and provides oxygen for removing lactic acid.
What are the organs used for gas exchange in different organisms?
Gills (e.g., fish), skin (e.g., frogs), trachea (windpipe), bronchus (plural = bronchi).
What occurs during inhalation?
Diaphragm contracts and moves downwards, lungs expand, and the volume of the chest increases.
What are the harmful chemicals found in cigarette smoke?
Tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, and high temperature of smoke.
What is the effect of exercise on breathing rate?
Breathing rate and pulse rate increase because cells need more oxygen and glucose for respiration.
What happens to oxygen demand during exercise?
Oxygen demand is greater than supply.
What is ventilation?
The movement of air into and out of the lungs.
What happens during exhalation?
Diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards, lungs get smaller, and pressure in lungs increases.
What is the role of capillaries in gas exchange?
Capillaries are one cell thick to speed up diffusion.
What is the range in data analysis?
Range = highest value - lowest value.
