[8.2-3] DNA and chromosomes, and RNA Flashcards
1
Q
how is prokaryotic DNA organised?
A
- DNA double helix
- circular chromosome
- coiled chromosome
- supercoiled to fit into cell
2
Q
how is eukaryotic DNA organised?
A
- DNA double helix
- DNA combines with proteins called histones
- DNA-histone complex is coiled
- coils fold to form loops
- loops coil and pack together to form a chromosome (where genes are found)
3
Q
DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts
A
- DNA in mitchondria and chloroplasts is similar to prokaryotic DNA
- it is circular, shorter, and not associated with histones
4
Q
what is a locus?
A
the position of a particular allele on a chromosome
5
Q
what is an allele?
A
the form or variant of a particular gene
6
Q
what does diploid mean?
A
a cell containing two pairs of homologous chromosomes, one from each parent
7
Q
what is the genome?
A
the complete set of genetic material in an organism
8
Q
what is the proteome?
A
the full range of proteins a cell is able to produce
9
Q
what are the 3 forms of RNA?
A
- mRNA (messenger)
- tRNA (transfer)
- rRNA (ribosomal)
10
Q
what are the key features of mRNA?
A
- single stranded
- helical
- U base instead of T
- codon
11
Q
what are the key features of tRNA? (6)
A
- single stranded
- folded into a clover shape
- anti-codon
- amino acid binding site
- U base instead of T
- H-bonds between complementary bases
12
Q
what do you call 3 bases in DNA, mRNA, and tRNA?
A
- DNA = triplet (ATG)
- mRNA = codon (UAC)
- tRNA = anti-codon (AUG)
