8.1.1 The cerebral Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fine structure of the cerebral cortex?

A

6 layers containing cell bodies and dendrites

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2
Q

What are most outputs from the cortex?

A

Axons of pyramidal neurones e.g. UMNs in primary motor cortex are pyramidal neurones

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3
Q

What can outputs from the cortex be?

A
  • Projection fibres going down to brainstem and cord
  • Commissural fibres going between hemispheres
  • Association fibres connecting nearby regions of cortex in same hemisphere (arcuate fasciculus)
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4
Q

Where are most inputs from?

A

Thalamus and other cortical areas

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5
Q

Where are most outputs from?

A

Pyramidal cells

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6
Q

What functions are affected with cortical damage of the frontal lobe?

A
  • Higher cognition
  • Impulse control and social- damage leads to impulsive, disinhibited behaviours e.g. sexual inappropriateness and agression
  • Voluntary motor control- contralateral weakness
  • Speech- Broca’s area is here, can result in expressive dysphasia
  • Eye movements- contains the frontal eye fields, conjugate gaze
  • Continence- contains paracentral lobules (responsible for continence maintenance)

H- Higher cognition
I- impulse and social control
V- voluntary motor control
Extremely - eye movements
Serious - speech
Shit - continence

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7
Q

What functions are affected with parietal lobe damage?

A
  • Sensory- contains PSC, may lead to contralateral anaesthesia affecting all modalities (converge at cortex)
  • Comprehension of speech- contains part of Wernicke’s area, damage to left parietal lobe can cause receptive dysphasia
  • Body image and awareness of external environment - damage to right parietal lobe can cause neglect, in and outside the body
  • Calculation and writing- works with frontal lobe to perform these tasks, can affect calculation ability but may also be frontal lobe
  • Superior optic radiations pass through here

STEMI
Sensory
Talking
Eyes
Maths
Image

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8
Q

What functions are effected with temporal lobe damage?

A

Taste
Emotion- contains limbic structures e.g. hippocampus and amygdala, lesions are complex but may be related to pathogenesis of some psychiatric disorders
Memory- hippocampus crucial for consolidating declarative memories, two hippocampi one in each lobe
Petrous- (Hearing), primary auditory cortex sits on superior surface of temporal near to wernickes area, may also cause auditory hallucinations
Olfaction- primary olfactory cortex sits on inferio-medial aspect, uncus
R-Adiations- inferior optic radiations
Language

TEMPORAL

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9
Q

What can cause deja vu?

A

Temporal lobe epilepsy can trigger memories leading to a feeling of deja vu

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10
Q

Where do inputs arise from?

A

Population of inputs arise from the reticular formation, maintaining cortical activation (conciousness)

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