8.1 thermodynamics

Question 1

thermodynamics

Answer 1

energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter

Question 2

system vs surroundings

Answer 2

what is being studied
vs
everything else

Question 3

isolated system

Answer 3

unable to exchange matter or energy with surroundings

Question 4

open system

Answer 4

energy and matter can be transferred between system and surroundings

Question 5

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 5

AKA the principle of conservation of energy

the energy of the universe is constant

• no creation or destroying energy
• only transforming and transferring energy

Question 6

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 6

every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
(basically, every chemical reaction loses some energy to heat-unusable energy)

and

for a process to occur spontaneously, it has to increase the entropy of the universe
(spontaneous reactions release heat)

Question 7

heat

Answer 7

random motion of atoms

• cannot do work
• “useless” energy

Question 8

loss fusible energy makes the universe

Answer 8

more disordered

increase entropy

Question 9

entropy

Answer 9

a measure of disorder or randomness

Question 10

how does entropy increase in the universe

Answer 10

• -increase of heat

- and less ordered forms of matter (small molecules like CO2 exhaled)

Question 11

spontaneous reaction

Answer 11

occurs on its own

-increases the entropy of the universe

Question 12

non spontaneous

Answer 12

cannot occur on its own

-needs energy added to system to work

Question 13

why do complex organisms evolve from simple organisms if entropy has to increase

Answer 13

entropy of both system and surrounding s increase