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Katrina Biology > 8.1 part too > Flashcards

8.1 part too Flashcards

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1
Q

as the atria contract the signal reaches another node called the?

A

atrioventricular node (AV node)

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2
Q

The AV node transmits the electrical signal through a bundle of specialized fibres called the

A

bundle of His

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3
Q

After reaching the bundle of His the signal is relayed through two bundle branches that dived into fast conducting what?

A

purkinje fibres. These initatiate the almost simultaneous contraction of all cells of the ventricles

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4
Q

what can be used to measure the change in voltage produced by the heart?

A

an electocardiogram (ECG)

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5
Q

How many spikes are there on an electrocardiogram?

A

three. A small voltage increase is the electrical activity before atrial contraction, a large spike just before venctricular contraction and then another small spike as the ventricles recover from their contraction

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6
Q

What is the pressure called that blood exerts>?

A

Blood pressure (duh)

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7
Q

What do changes in blood pressure correspond to?

A

phases of the heartbeat

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8
Q

When the ventricles contract and force blood into the pulmonary arteries and the aorta the pressure increases in these vessels.

A

just know it

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9
Q

The maximum pressure during the ventricular contraction is called the?

A

systolic pressure

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10
Q

The lowest presssure before the ventricles contract again is called the?

A

diastolic pressure

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11
Q

Blood pressure is normally measured in?

A

millimeters of mercury. (Fancy unit of measurement the corresponds to vacuums and stuff. seriously look it up sometime it’s kinda interesting) also btw the symbol is mmHg

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12
Q

What device measures blood pressure?

A

sphygmomanometer. Yup it’s a massive word. Yup you need to know it. It’s common name is the blood pressure cuff

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13
Q

The blood pressure of a normal human is?

A

120 mmHg over 80 mmHg or 120/80.

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14
Q

Does the heart rate increase during exercise?

A

yup it do it

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15
Q

Why does heart rate increase during exercise?

A

Cause your muscles are working hard and need more oxygen and need more C02 removed

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16
Q

Blood pressure in a ventricle can drop as low as?

A

0 mmHg but it never gets this low in an artery

17
Q

Which comes first the lub or the dub sound when measuring heart beats?

A

lub the dub

18
Q

Two factors can affect cardiac output. What are they?

A

heart rate and stroke volume

19
Q

what is heart rate

A

the number of beats per minute

20
Q

what is stroke volume

A

The ammount of blood forced out of the heart with each heartbeat

21
Q

The average person has a stroke volumeof

A

70ml

22
Q

the average person has a resting heart rate of

A

70 beats per minute

23
Q

How much blood does the average person have in their body?

A

5 L

24
Q

What is Maximum heart rate

A

The highest heart rate attained during an all out physical effort

25
Q

The blood vessels are organized to carry blood along three diferent pathways. What are they?

A

The pulmonary pathway
The systemic Pathway
The coronary pathway

26
Q

What does the pulmonary pathway do

A

Transports oxygen poor blood to the lungs and then brings it back

27
Q

What does the systemic pathway do

A

moves oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the body tissues

28
Q

What does the coronary pathway do?

A

Provide blood to the heart itself

29
Q

You need to go in the textbook on page 276 and memorize the drawing in the bottom left

A

do it and then also read tracing blood through sections (there are two of them)

30
Q

What is a general term that is used to describe several conditions in which the walls of the arteries thicken and lose some of their elastic properties

A

arteriosclerosis

31
Q

what is the most common type of arteriosclerosis?

A

atherosclerosis in which there is a buildup of plaque (fatty deposits, calcium and fibrous tissue) on the inside of artery walls

32
Q

What can atherosclerosis lead to?

A

angina (chest pain), blood clots, shortness of breath, heart attack and heart failure

33
Q

Know how atherosclerosis is treated by reading page 279

A

do it

34
Q

What does congenital mean

A

they are defects in the heart that have been present since birth

35
Q

what is a heart murmur

A

and congenital condition in which there is a misflow of blood through the heart

36
Q

Valve defects can be heard with the

A

stethoscope

Katrina Biology (3 decks)

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