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Derm reviews > 81 Other viral diseases > Flashcards

81 Other viral diseases Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

exanthem

A

def: eruption occurring as a sign of general disease

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2
Q

most common causes of nonspecific viral exanthems in children

A

non-polio enteroviruses (summer/fall); respiratory viruses such as adenoviruses, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (winter)

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3
Q

nonspecific exanthems tend to be …

A

self-limited, with spontaneous resolution in 1 week, and supportive therapy usually sufficient `

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4
Q

enteroviruses most common in …

A

summer and fall

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5
Q

list two enteroviruses

A

echovirus and coxsackie virus (a and b)

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6
Q

enterovirus incubation period

A

3-6 days

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7
Q

the quintessential enterovirus exanthem

A

hand-font-and-mouth disease; causes mainly by coxasakievirus A16

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8
Q

hand-font-and-mouth disease features:

A

vesicular eruption on the palms, soles, and an erosive stomatitis; dorsum of the hands/feet may also be involved as well as buttocks/perineum

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9
Q

onychomadesis

A

shedding of the nail plate at the proximal end (d/t temporary nail matrix arrest); seen in HFMD 1-2 after illness

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10
Q

strain of coxsackievirus associated with severe and atypical HFMD cases

A

coxasackievirus A6

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11
Q

herpangina

A

a ferile illness, primary in children 3-10 years of age; painful vesicles and erosions on the soft palate, uvula, tonsils, pharynx and buccal mucosa; exanthema usually absent; coxsackievirus A and B usual pathogen

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12
Q

HFMD (vesicular lesion) path

A

epidermal necrosis with intraepidermal vesicles, lack of inclusion bodies or multi nucleation, and nonspecific dermal inflammatory infiltrate

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13
Q

pleconaril

A

drug that interfere w enterovirus attachment and uncaring by binding to the protein capsid, may be beneficial in life-threatening enteroviral infections

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14
Q

measles synonym

A

rubeola

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15
Q

C’s of measles

A

cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots (gray white papule in buccal mucosa)

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16
Q

measles incubation, transmission, vaccines

A

10-14 days, respiratory droplets, two live vaccines (initial vaccine age 12-15 months and second at 4-6 years)

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17
Q

measles exanthema starts on … and spread in a … direction

A

on the forehead /hairline /behind the ears // cephalocaudad

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18
Q

viruses that causes morbilliform rashes

A

measles, enteroviruses, EBV, parvovirus B19, HHV-6; also drug eruption and Kawasaki’s

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19
Q

delayed neurodegenerative disorder that can occur as a completion of measles many years after acute disease

A

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

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20
Q

measles treatment

A

vitamin A, supportive

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21
Q

rubella synonym; family of viruses

A

German measles; Togaviridae

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22
Q

rubella features

A

rose-pink macule with cephalocaudad spread, tender LAD (occipital and posterior auricular), joint involvement common, fetal infection a/w congenital anomalies

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23
Q

measles and rubella prodrome

A

fever, head, upper respiratory sxs (measles: also conjunctivitis)

24
Q

rubella fading …

A

fades in 2-3 days in the same order as it appeared

25
Q

congenital rubella syndrome features

A

cataracts, deafness, congenital heart defects (PDA, ventricular septal defects), and CNS abnormalities (microcephaly, developmental delay)

26
Q

blueberry muffin baby presentation

A

feature of rubella, d/t dermal hematopoiesis

27
Q

erythema infectiosum, synonyms

A

fifth disease, slapped cheek disease, parvovirus B19 infection

28
Q

erythema infectiosum, features

A

slapped cheeks followed by lacy extremity-predominant eruption (children); petechial or aural/periflexural distribution (teens)

29
Q

fetal B19 infection

A

anemia, fetal hydrops, death (mostly 2nd trimester)

30
Q

B19 pathogenesis

A

has strong tropism for erythroid progenitor cells, and the erythrocyte P antigen (globoside), to which it binds –> this can lead to all sorts of cytopenias

31
Q

B19 prodrome

A

fever, headache, muscle aches

32
Q

B19 rash is exacerbated by …

A

heat /sunlight

33
Q

syndrome a/w B19

A

papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome (PPGSS)

34
Q

Roseola infantum, viruses

A

HHV-6 and sometimes 7

35
Q

Roseola infantum, features

A

high fever follow by an exanthema at defervescence; mostly trunk and proximal limbs/neck

36
Q

unilateral lanterothoracic exanthema

A

initial unilateral distribution (axilla/lateral trunk), with subsequent generalization (w unilateral predominance); presumed viral though unknown; typically lasts 3-6 weeks

37
Q

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome

A

symmetric papular eruption (monomorphic) on the extremities, face, and buttocks, EBV (US) and HBV (globally) most common triggers; preceded by URI ; resolves in 3-6 weeks

38
Q

most common pox infection in humans

A

molluscum contagiosum

39
Q

most common host of cowpox

A

cats

40
Q

orf

A

transmitted by sheep (think shepherds), coats, reindeer; papules (1 to few) on hands,; tx w/ imiquimod

41
Q

list hemorrhagic fevers

A

zoonotic diseases: dengue, ebola virus, hantavirus, rift valley fever virus, yellow fever virus

42
Q

dengue, features

A

biphasic fever, headaches, myalgia, N/V, retro-orbital pain; morbilliform or scarlitiniform rash with “white islands of in a sea of red”; also signs of bleeding: petechia, epistaxis, and gingival bleeding; severe dengue: plasma leakage –> shock/ respiratory distress/ hemorrhage

43
Q

West Nile virus, features

A

culex mosquito and blood-product transmission, similar to dengue + LAD and encephalitis; rash predominates on the extremities

44
Q

zika virus tranmission

A

Aedes aegypti and albopictus mosquito, sexual blood transfusion, and mother-fetus

45
Q

zika infection, features

A

fever, arthralgias/arthritis, headache, conjunctivitis; cephalocaudad rash with follicular accentuation and palmar involvement; Guillain Barre has been reported

46
Q

chikungunya

A

Aedes aegypti and albopictus mosquito, morbilliform eruption with acral or facial erythema and edema, and genital/intertriginous/oral ulcers; lots of PIH

47
Q

Togaviruses endemic to Australia

A

Barmah Forest and Ross River Virus infections

48
Q

hepatitis A cutaneous manifestations

A

panniculitis, urticaria, scarlet fever-like exanthema

49
Q

hepatitis B and C cutaneous manifestations

A

see table 81.8 (lots of vasculitides, PAN, lived reticularis …

50
Q

trichodysplasia spinulosa

A

polyomavirus; solid organ transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy; numerous erythematous to skin colored papules with a central spiny projection on the face, ears > extremities /trunk; alopecia of eyebrows /lashes; leonine facies; pat: large trichohyaline granules inside KC’s; improves w d/c of immunosuppressive therapy and antivirals

51
Q

rabies and derm

A

dermatologist have been asked to do bx of nuchal skin to confirm dx

52
Q

Kawasaki disease, features

A

fever, conjunctival injection, oral mucosal changes, acral swelling, and cervical LAD; polymorphous exanthema often with early perineal involvement

53
Q

heart condition a/w Kawasaki

A

coronary artery aneurysms or ecstasias; myocarditis, pericardial effusions, CHF, valvular disease

54
Q

peak times of the year for Kawasaki

A

late winter and early spring

55
Q

leading hypothesis for pathogenesis of Kawasaki

A

bacterial toxin acting as super antigen, though not proven; but also evidence of virus-like particles within intracellular inclusion bodies in the ciliated bronchial epithelium of pts with KD

56
Q

tx of Kawasaki

A

IVIG; ASA; some evidence for pulsed steroids and infliximab

Derm reviews (10 decks)

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