71 Nails Flashcards
nail growth rates
fingernails 3 mm/m
toenails 1 mm/m
area where the nail detaches
hyponychium
Nail matrix features
Consists of an epithelium that keratinizes without the formation of a granular layer; proximal nail fold produces dorsal nail plate where as distal nail fold produces ventral nail matrix
About melanocytes in the matrix
Normally quiescence may become activated
Clinical manifestations of proximal nail matrix disease
Beau's lines Pitting Longitudinal bridging Longitudinal measuring Trachyonychia
Clinical manifestations of distal nail matrix disease
True leukonychia
Clinical manifestations of proximal and distal nail matrix disease
Onychomadesis
Koilonychia
Nail plate thinning
Onychauxis
Clinical manifestations of nail bed disease
Onycholysis
Subungual hyperkeratosis
Apparent leukonychia
Splinter hemorrhages
Beau’s lines
Transverse depression’s that are more evident in the central portion of the nail plate, most often do the trauma; involvement of multiple digits suggests a systemic disease; the depth of the depression indicates the extent of damage within the matrix whereas the width of the depression indicates the duration of the insult
Onychomadesis (nail shedding)
Proximal attachment of the nail that is most often due to trauma; similar involvement of multiple digit suggests a systemic cause; classically seen in hand foot and mouth disease
Pitting
Punctate depressions of the nail plate; foci of abnormal keratinization of the proximal nail matrix which results in clusters of parakeratotic cells within the dorsal nail plate. – overtime, shedding of the parakeratotic sales leads to the appearance of pits
Onychorrhexis
Longitudinal ridging and fissuring of the nail plate; often associated with lichen planus, impaired vascular supply, trauma, and tumors that compress the nail matrix
Trachyonychia
twenty nail dystrophy, seen with alopecia areata
