8.1 cognition

Question 1

What are the 6 major neuro-cognitive domains?

Answer 1

1. Perceptual- motor function (visual perception, visuoconstructional reasoning, perceptual model coordination)
2. language (object naming, word finding, fluency, grammar and syntax, receptive language)
3. learning & memory (free recall, cued recall, recognition memory, semantic and autobiographical long term memory, implicit learning)
4. complex attention (sustain attention, divided attention, selective attention, processing speed)
5. social cognition (recognition of emotions, theory of mind, insight)
6. executive function (planning, decision making, working memory, responding to feedback, inhibition, flexibility).

Question 2

what is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 2

• Motor activity/integration of motor activity
• Expression of speech
• Executive function
• Personality, depth of feelings, initiative, judgement

Question 3

what does orbitofrontal syndrome present with?

Answer 3

disinhibited, tactless remarks, acting on impulse, lack empathy, show little concern for feelings of others, fail to plan ahead, exhibit little concern about illness/future. Mood irritable with fatuous euphoria. Inappropriate jocularity with insensitive humor. Confabulate. Lack social restrain with undue familiarity with strangers

Question 4

what does lesion in the medial frontal lobe (pseudo depressive) present with?

Answer 4

akinetic mutism, apathy (lacking motivation), eyes open will feed when fed

Question 5

what does lesion in the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (dysexecutive) present with?

Answer 5

perseveration, impersistence (early termination of behavior), difficulties with abstract reasoning / concrete thinking, verbal fluency affected

Question 6

what does lesion in the Broca’s area present with?

Answer 6

motor/nonfluence/expressive dysphasia – decreased and labored speech output. Auditory comprehension intact. Most common in stroke affecting MCA

Question 7

what is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 7

• Integration of sensory information

- Visuospatial processing

Question 8

what does lesion in the Dominant parietal Lobe present with?

Answer 8

Gerstmann’s Syndrome: Acalculia, Agraphia, Finger agnosia, left-right disorientation

Question 9

what does lesion in the non Dominant parietal Lobe present with?

Answer 9

• Visuospatial difficulties
• Agnosia
• Constructional and dressing apraxia

Question 10

what is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 10

• Perception and recognition of auditory stimuli

- Memory

Question 11

what is the function of occipital lobe?

Answer 11

Receive and process visual information

Question 12

what does lesion in the occipital lobe present with?

Answer 12

Complex visual hallucinations may occur with lesions in complex visual association areas

Question 13

what is the function of the hippocampus?

Answer 13

• Memory formation and storage

- Episodic memories are formed and catalogued to be filed away in long term storage

Question 14

what is the function of the amygdala?

Answer 14

Attaches emotional content to our memories (thus affecting how they are stored)

Question 15

what kind of memory is visual input stored?

Answer 15

iconic memory

Question 16

what kind of memory is auditory input stored?

Answer 16

echoic memory

Question 17

what kind of memory is information from touch stored?

Answer 17

haptic memory