8.0 Road Construction Methods Flashcards
- A thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places that has been paved or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance.
- It is a structure that links barangays and cities in the country.
- It serves as a medium for transporting goods and commodities from one place to another, and as a communication link that brings economic development to a nation.
Road
We classify Roads according to
Usage
National Importance
Traffic Volume
Surface Course
Directly connects major cities, provinces and regions.
NATIONAL PRIMARY ROAD
- Directly connects cities to national primary roads.
- Directly connects major ports, ferry terminals and major airports to national primary roads or other national secondary roads.
NATIONAL SECONDARY ROAD
Other existing roads under DPWH which perform a local function.
NATIONAL TERTIARY ROAD
- Connects cities and municipalities within a province.
- Connects major provincial government infrastructure.
PROVINCIAL ROAD
- Roads within the Poblacion.
- Provides inter-Barangay connections to major municipality/city infrastructure.
MUNICIPAL OR CITY ROAD
A street located outside the poblacion area of a municipality or urban area of a city.
BARANGAY ROAD
- Frequently used by traffic.
- Classified as National Roads or those which are part of the highway system.
Major Road
- Less frequently used by traffic.
- Roads which are local in nature.
- Serves only the interest of the locality, such as a street.
Minor Road
- Simplest form of road.
- Constructed by shaping and smoothing the natural soil
traversed by the road line.
Earth
Constructed from natural gravel with a sufficient amount of good quality soil which serves as binder.
Gravel
- Flexible pavement.
- Composed of bituminous materials, aggregates, mineral filler
and hydrated lime.
Asphalt
- Rigid pavement.
- Composed of cement, fine and coarse aggregates and water.
Concrete
- The upper layer of natural soil which may be the undisturbed local materials, or soil excavated elsewhere placed as fill.
- In either case, it is compacted during construction for road stability.
Subgrade
Individual stabilizing layers of selected material and designed thickness placed on top of the subgrade to distribute the load transmitted from the surface course.
Subbase and Base Course
- The uppermost structural component of the roadway which provides resistance to wear and shearing stress due to traffic load.
- Provides an even skid resistance surface with comfortable durability and is appropriately crowned to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the subgrade.
Surface Course
Located beside the carriageway, which is the total width available for passing vehicles, and is used to receive lateral clearance to protect major structures on the roadside, to secure the safety and comfort of both motorists and pedestrians, and for emergency stopping purposes.
Shoulder
Located beneath or alongside the roadway, used in collecting, transporting, and disposing of surface water originating in or near the road right-of-way.
Drainage Structure
Constructed along the side of the roadway to stabilize the slopes either above or below the elevation of the roadway.
Slope Protection Structure
Other works that improve the usability and safety of a particular roadway for both motorists and pedestrians.
Miscellaneous Works
- A road by which a job is connected to the highway system and is generally used in connection with borrow pits.
- Built for each isolated piece of job it services.
Access Roads
- Diverts traffic from any existing roadway whenever the construction operations block the flow of traffic.
- They are to be maintained, so that they will have sufficient durability to remain in good condition and carry the required traffic in any weather condition for the entire duration that the detour is required.
Detour Roads
It is the removal and disposal of all surface objects, including vegetation, grass, stumps, trees, and other protruding obstructions not designated to remain along the roadway prior to the commencement of any earth-moving activity.
Clearing and Grubbing
Consists of the taking away, wholly or in part, and the satisfactory disposal of all structures within the construction site and right-of-way which are not designated to remain. It shall also include the salvaging of materials and backfilling.
Removal of Structure and Obstruction
Consists of all the excavation for grading and draining the roadway. It also includes loading, hauling, and placing the excavated materials from roadway cuts to construct embankments or its disposal to a designated location.
Excavation
Consists of the necessary excavation, removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials within the stipulated limits.
Structure Excavation
The work or volume of earthen material necessary in the formation of embankment roadway through the use of suitable materials, which may be sourced along the road traverse or borrowed from an outside source. These materials are brought and compacted together to a specified degree to form a stable embankment to bring the road to a desired grade or to elevate it above flood level.
Embakment
The portion of the earth roadbed which, after having been constructed to reasonably close conformance with the lines, grades, and cross-sections indicated on the plans, receives and supports the subbase or base course materials.
Subgrade Preparations
Refers to the structural sub-layer material of a roadway placed directly on top of the sub-grade.
Aggregate subbase course
- In flexible pavement, it is the load-carrying portion and provides the structural capacity to bituminous concrete slabs by carrying the load and distributing it to the soil under the layers of asphalt concrete.
- The life and riding qualities of the asphalt concrete surface depend directly on the care exercised in the construction of the aggregate base course.
Aggregate Base Course
Refers to the thin bituminous material applied on a porous base laying a surface course to stabilize the base material by plugging its capillary voids.
Bituminous Prime Coat
As the name implies, provides a “tacky” surface applied on an existing road pavement before the application of the hot mix asphalt course.
Bituminous Tack Coat
- Refers to the mixture of bituminous material (5% to 8%) and compacted mass of mineral aggregates (92% to 95%).
- The exact percentage to be used is established by the Job Mix Formula.
Bituminous Concrete Surface Coat
- Constructed by casting in place, on a prepared foundation, a concrete slab with the top finished to provide a smooth and durable wearing surface for traffic.
- It is a mixture composed of Portland Cement, Fine Aggregates, Coarse Aggregates, and Water. Specific quantities of each component are determined in the Design Mix.
Portland Cement Concrete Pavement
Serve to channel stormwater to inlets, catch basins, storm sewers, and ditches, and prevent surface water from running off the edges of the pavement between outlets or accumulating on the road, ensuring the proper drainage of the roadway.
Curb and Gutter
