8.0 Road Construction Methods

Question 1

• A thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places that has been paved or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance.
• It is a structure that links barangays and cities in the country.
• It serves as a medium for transporting goods and commodities from one place to another, and as a communication link that brings economic development to a nation.

Answer 1

Road

Question 2

We classify Roads according to

Answer 2

Usage
National Importance
Traffic Volume
Surface Course

Question 3

Directly connects major cities, provinces and regions.

Answer 3

NATIONAL PRIMARY ROAD

Question 4

• Directly connects cities to national primary roads.
• Directly connects major ports, ferry terminals and major airports to national primary roads or other national secondary roads.

Answer 4

NATIONAL SECONDARY ROAD

Question 5

Other existing roads under DPWH which perform a local function.

Answer 5

NATIONAL TERTIARY ROAD

Question 6

• Connects cities and municipalities within a province.
• Connects major provincial government infrastructure.

Answer 6

PROVINCIAL ROAD

Question 7

• Roads within the Poblacion.
• Provides inter-Barangay connections to major municipality/city infrastructure.

Answer 7

MUNICIPAL OR CITY ROAD

Question 8

A street located outside the poblacion area of a municipality or urban area of a city.

Answer 8

BARANGAY ROAD

Question 9

• Frequently used by traffic.
• Classified as National Roads or those which are part of the highway system.

Answer 9

Major Road

Question 10

• Less frequently used by traffic.
• Roads which are local in nature.
• Serves only the interest of the locality, such as a street.

Answer 10

Minor Road

Question 11

• Simplest form of road.
• Constructed by shaping and smoothing the natural soil
  traversed by the road line.

Answer 11

Earth

Question 12

Constructed from natural gravel with a sufficient amount of good quality soil which serves as binder.

Answer 12

Gravel

Question 13

• Flexible pavement.
• Composed of bituminous materials, aggregates, mineral filler
  and hydrated lime.

Answer 13

Asphalt

Question 14

• Rigid pavement.
• Composed of cement, fine and coarse aggregates and water.

Answer 14

Concrete

Question 15

• The upper layer of natural soil which may be the undisturbed local materials, or soil excavated elsewhere placed as fill.
• In either case, it is compacted during construction for road stability.

Answer 15

Subgrade

Question 16

Individual stabilizing layers of selected material and designed thickness placed on top of the subgrade to distribute the load transmitted from the surface course.

Answer 16

Subbase and Base Course

Question 17

• The uppermost structural component of the roadway which provides resistance to wear and shearing stress due to traffic load.
• Provides an even skid resistance surface with comfortable durability and is appropriately crowned to prevent rainwater from penetrating into the subgrade.

Answer 17

Surface Course

Question 18

Located beside the carriageway, which is the total width available for passing vehicles, and is used to receive lateral clearance to protect major structures on the roadside, to secure the safety and comfort of both motorists and pedestrians, and for emergency stopping purposes.

Answer 18

Shoulder

Question 19

Located beneath or alongside the roadway, used in collecting, transporting, and disposing of surface water originating in or near the road right-of-way.

Answer 19

Drainage Structure

Question 20

Constructed along the side of the roadway to stabilize the slopes either above or below the elevation of the roadway.

Answer 20

Slope Protection Structure

Question 21

Other works that improve the usability and safety of a particular roadway for both motorists and pedestrians.

Answer 21

Miscellaneous Works

Question 22

• A road by which a job is connected to the highway system and is generally used in connection with borrow pits.
• Built for each isolated piece of job it services.

Answer 22

Access Roads

Question 23

• Diverts traffic from any existing roadway whenever the construction operations block the flow of traffic.
• They are to be maintained, so that they will have sufficient durability to remain in good condition and carry the required traffic in any weather condition for the entire duration that the detour is required.

Answer 23

Detour Roads

Question 24

It is the removal and disposal of all surface objects, including vegetation, grass, stumps, trees, and other protruding obstructions not designated to remain along the roadway prior to the commencement of any earth-moving activity.

Answer 24

Clearing and Grubbing

Question 25

Consists of the taking away, wholly or in part, and the satisfactory disposal of all structures within the construction site and right-of-way which are not designated to remain. It shall also include the salvaging of materials and backfilling.

Answer 25

Removal of Structure and Obstruction

Question 26

Consists of all the excavation for grading and draining the roadway. It also includes loading, hauling, and placing the excavated materials from roadway cuts to construct embankments or its disposal to a designated location.

Answer 26

Excavation

Question 27

Consists of the necessary excavation, removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials within the stipulated limits.

Answer 27

Structure Excavation

Question 28

The work or volume of earthen material necessary in the formation of embankment roadway through the use of suitable materials, which may be sourced along the road traverse or borrowed from an outside source. These materials are brought and compacted together to a specified degree to form a stable embankment to bring the road to a desired grade or to elevate it above flood level.

Answer 28

Embakment

Question 29

The portion of the earth roadbed which, after having been constructed to reasonably close conformance with the lines, grades, and cross-sections indicated on the plans, receives and supports the subbase or base course materials.

Answer 29

Subgrade Preparations

Question 30

Refers to the structural sub-layer material of a roadway placed directly on top of the sub-grade.

Answer 30

Aggregate subbase course

Question 31

• In flexible pavement, it is the load-carrying portion and provides the structural capacity to bituminous concrete slabs by carrying the load and distributing it to the soil under the layers of asphalt concrete.
• The life and riding qualities of the asphalt concrete surface depend directly on the care exercised in the construction of the aggregate base course.

Answer 31

Aggregate Base Course

Question 32

Refers to the thin bituminous material applied on a porous base laying a surface course to stabilize the base material by plugging its capillary voids.

Answer 32

Bituminous Prime Coat

Question 33

As the name implies, provides a “tacky” surface applied on an existing road pavement before the application of the hot mix asphalt course.

Answer 33

Bituminous Tack Coat

Question 34

• Refers to the mixture of bituminous material (5% to 8%) and compacted mass of mineral aggregates (92% to 95%).
• The exact percentage to be used is established by the Job Mix Formula.

Answer 34

Bituminous Concrete Surface Coat

Question 35

• Constructed by casting in place, on a prepared foundation, a concrete slab with the top finished to provide a smooth and durable wearing surface for traffic.
• It is a mixture composed of Portland Cement, Fine Aggregates, Coarse Aggregates, and Water. Specific quantities of each component are determined in the Design Mix.

Answer 35

Portland Cement Concrete Pavement

Question 36

Serve to channel stormwater to inlets, catch basins, storm sewers, and ditches, and prevent surface water from running off the edges of the pavement between outlets or accumulating on the road, ensuring the proper drainage of the roadway.

Answer 36

Curb and Gutter