8.0 Flight Operations Flashcards
Do you have to go to the crew room when reporting for duty?
You should, but it’s not a Shall.
Who is responsible for calling crew scheduling if someone hasn’t reported for duty?
All crew members no later than report time
What is the report time for duty?
1:15 and 45 for DH
What is Flight Watch?
Flight watch is the collaboration between the captain and the dispatcher of analyzing, amending, monitoring, and executing the OFP and flight.
When does the Flight Watch commence?
At the approval of the OFP by the Flight Dispatcher
What is modiffied Flight Watch?
Normally the Pilot-in-Command and Flight Dispatchers share the responsibilities for Flight Watch. However, on occasion a reduction in the normal Flight Watch capability may occur within Flight Dispatch. For example, a building evacuation or I.T. downgrades, etc.
What is the process of the Dispatcher when there’s a scenario that requires a modified Flight Watch?
1 inform the captain via any means possible.
ACARS
ATC
Airport Personnel
What is the PIC’s responsibility in terms of Flight Following Times - Out, Off , On and In. During modified flight watch
The Flight Crew shall confirm with the airport of departure and arrival that the times have been received
What is the PIC’s responsibility regarding OFP Validation when Modified Flight Watch is in effect?
If more than two hours have passed since the OFP was retrieved by the Flight Crew, confirmation shall be made that the NOTAMS and weather are still valid.
Define what Operational Control means. Regarding Dispatch and PIC
It is essential that Captains and Flight Dispatchers fully coordinate their efforts and maintain a cooperative relationship and appreciation of each other’s concerns as they impact the operation at all times.
Who has Operational Control** before** Take off thrust is set?
After the Pilot-in-Command accepts the OFP, the** Flight Dispatcher and the Pilot-in-Command commence co-authority** for Flight Watch. The Flight Dispatcher shall provide pertinent and related flight information to the Pilot-in-Command, including any changes to the OFP proposed by the Flight Dispatcher or Air Canada Rouge.
Who has Operational Control after Take off thrust is set?
Once take-off thrust has been applied, the final decision on any changes to the OFP shall be taken by the Pilot-in-Command, based on considerations of safety.
The Pilot-in-Command is responsible for transmitting to the Dispatcher, any flight plan change or flight conditions that significantly vary from the mutually agreed OFP.
What happens when the PIC and the dispatcher disagree?
Should an irreconcilable disagreement arise between the Flight Dispatcher and the Pilot-in-Command concerning the delay of a flight, the most conservative course
In the event that a disagreement exists between the Pilot-in-Command and the Flight Dispatcher over any parameter(s) upon which the OFP has been based, including fuel carried, the most conservative course of action shall prevail. In case of an irreconcilable disagreement, the Pilot-in-Command should submit a FOHR detailing the issue.
When do you have to file an FOHR if you have a disagreemnt with a dispatcher over something on the OFP?
You should always take the most conservative action. Normally if there’s a disagreement over fuel to be carried
file the VR
and FOHR if there was disagreement with the dispatcher
Where do we find Airports authorized for use?
They are recorded in the** Airport Classification List (ACL)** published in the Jeppesen Route Manual AC TAB eCoverage.
What is a Class D airport?
Destination (D)
What is a Class XD airport?
Non-passenger Destination (XD),
What is a Class A airport?
Alternate (A)
What is a Class EC airport?
Escape Chart (EC)
Are you required to print an OFP?
No
What is LIDO?
Its the calcualtion of the engine out level off altitude that aircraft are capable of maintaining (based on the maximum en route performance limited weight at the waypoint) to the terrain that is within 5 nautical miles either side of the flight planned track.
How many LIDO terrain clearance checks are there?
3
What does TERRAIN CLEARANCE CHECK - COMPLETED WITH NO LIMITATIONS mean?
The aircraft can maintain a factored, level-off altitude that is at least 1,000 feet above the terrain.
If Driftdown Escape Charts, Decompression/Driftdown Escape Charts or written procedures exist for that area, Flight Crew should refer the applicable chart in the event of a driftdown or decompression scenario.
What does TERRAIN CLEARANCE CHECK - TERRAIN CLEARANCE REQUIRES ENROUTE ESCAPE CHARTS mean?
The check determines that the aircraft will not be able to maintain at least 1,000 feet above the terrain, and Driftdown Escape Charts, Decompression/Driftdown Escape Charts, or written procedures exist for that area.
For flights where the OFP states that terrain clearance requires escape route charts, the Flight Crew shall confirm that the applicable Driftdown Escape Chart, Decompression/Driftdown Escape Chart or written procedure is available for use during the flight.
What Does TERRAIN CLEARANCE CHECK -ENRTE ALT 16400 ISA TEMP P14C MTOW LIMITED 080.7 CONTACT FLIGHT DISPATCH FOR MTOW INCREASE mean?
The check determines that the MTOW has to be reduced to ensure that the aircraft is able to maintain at least 1,000 feet above the terrain.
The MTOW displayed in the OFP Terrain Clearance Check section is equal to the maximum en route performance limited weight plus the fuel burn to that waypoint. Flight Crews shall contact Flight Dispatch if the stated MTOW value is exceeded as a re-route may be required.
If Driftdown Escape Charts, Decompression/Driftdown Escape Charts or written procedures exist for that area, Flight Crew should refer the applicable chart in the event of a driftdown or decompression scenario.
Who is responsoble for P-RAIM Checks?
Dispacth
When is an OFP Revisions required?
If there is a delay of two hours or more to the original departure time, Flight Dispatch shall assess the conditions of the OFP and revise the OFP and refile if required. A new OFP shall also be issued if operational conditions warrant.
Can you depart witout a Valid TAF at the destination?
YES
- The OFP shows a valid TAF for the selected** alternates**
* You Need 2 Alternate valid TAFS - There are no known factors precluding a safe landing at the destination.
Inflight OFP revisions, for example that require re-route - How is the fuel calculated?
the fuel information on the new Inflight OFP will only reflect the fuel required to destination plus the Final Reserve and Alternate fuels and does not include any additional fuels that were originally boarded.
It will be necessary, in these situations, for Flight Crews to refer to both the original and Inflight OFP’s to reconcile the correct remaining fuel amounts.
Who has say in terms of fuel under the fuel policy?
- Before take off, its co-authority between the dipatcher and the PIC
- After take off the PIC has the sole discrection of fuel managment
What is Protected fuel?
Protected Fuel: Fuel amount planned to be available over a specific point (e.g., over destination, over alternate, etc.). Fuel will be burned carrying the weight of the protected fuel.
- ALTN
- CONT 5 MIN
- ETOPS
- SDTO
- SUPP
- RESERVE
- NAIFR SAP
What is Un-Protected Fuel
Fuel boarded with the assumption that some of it will be consumed en route as a result of carrying its own weight.
What is ATC fuel?
Fuel boarded for anticipated air traffic delays, such as holding, vectors, early descents, slow downs, routing changes, and traffic volume.
What is Weather Fuel (WXX)?
Fuel boarded for anticipated enroute meteorological conditions, including turbulence. In some instances, fuel for anticipated weather related ground delays may also be included in this fuel with an associated explanatory comment in the DX RMKS section of the OFP.
Because ETOPS fuel is no longer required after the ETOPS Exit Point, ETOPS fuel may be used in place of Additional Fuel required for anticipated delays that occur after the ETOPS Exit point.
This substitution shall be indicated with an associated explanatory comment in the DX RMKS section of the OFP.
What is Alternate Fuel (ALTN)
ALTN fuel is based on a Cost Index of 0 and the distance the aircraft will travel from the threshold of the planned landing runway at the destination airport to the planned landing runway of the alternate airport via the published SID, enroute, and STAR routing. The vertical profile including the missed approach is considered in calculating fuel requirements.
Can you use ALTN fuel?
ALTN Fuel may be consumed without proceeding to the alternate when, in the Pilot-in-Command’s best judgment, the aircraft can be landed safely at the destination airport. In deciding whether to proceed to an alternate or to consume a portion of ALTN in order to land at the destination airport, the Pilot-in-Command should consider the following factors at both destination and alternate airports:.
- The availability of more than one usable runway; and
- Forecast and actual weather; and
- Traffic congestion; and
- Any other factors that may delay the aircraft’s landing.
Flight Dispatch must be advised as soon as practicable, and a FOHR should be filed.
What is Burn fuel?
BURN fuel is based on the distance the aircraft will travel from the take-off point on a specified runway to the destination runway via the planned SID, enroute and STAR routing. The vertical profile is considered in calculating fuel requirements.
What shall you do if your BURN is significantly higher than planned burn when checking during pre-flight?
**A FOHR should be filed **if actual fuel burn is significantly greater than the planned burn.
What is CONT fuel?
Contingency fuel (CONT) is the fuel required to compensate for factors that could not be foreseen during flight planning.
Although CARs only require CONT on International flights, Air Canada Rouge voluntarily applies a consistent Contingency Fuel Policy for all operations; Domestic and International.
How is CONT fuel determined?
CONT is normally calculated using ICAO recommended Analyzed Contingency Fuel (ACF) methodology.
- It’s an average of the fuel Burn for that specific route, based on historical data.
- Its a fixed value
- If there is no stats, then 5% CONT will be used
Can you use CONT fuel?
**Yes **
CONT may be used any time after pushback due to unforeseen delays, however, the flight shall not take-off with less than CONT 5 MIN.
What is SDTO fuel?
Standard Diversion Time Operations (SDTO) Fuel
SDTO fuel is boarded when fuel is needed to ensure the planned flight fuel for SDTO route segment(s) is sufficient to:
- Allow for a descent at any point along the route to the lower of the one-engine-inoperative service ceiling or 10,000 feet ASL, and
- Cruise at the one-engine-inoperative service ceiling or 10,000 feet ASL to an adequate airport and:
◦ conduct an approach and missed approach, and
◦ hold for 30 minutes at an altitude of 1,500 feet above the airport elevation.
What are the Extra Fuels (TKG, OPN, and XFOB)?
- Tanker (TKG)
- Fuel boarded in accordance with the LIDO Tankering Program for commercial reasons.
- Operational (OPN)
- Operational fuel (OPN) is normally the extra fuel requested by the **Pilot-in-Command **for known or forecasted factors on the day-of-flight which, in his/her best judgment, have not been adequately accounted for by the planned fuel.
- Extra Fuel on-board (XFOB)
- This occurs in cases where fuel has been pre-boarded and a FIN swap takes place.
When requesting OPN fuel, how must it be requestd, and what must be sumbitted?
When ordering OPN fuel, the Pilot-in-Command shall request OPN in one minute increments.
- **Voyage Report **
What is MEL fuel?
Fuel to satisfy MEL requirements
Can you Burn MEL fuel?
MEL fuel may be consumed after take-off for purposes other than those planned for, but Flight Dispatchers and the Pilot-in-Command shall not plan to burn this fuel for other purposes at the flight planning stage.
What is No Alternate IFR Second Approach (NAIFR SAP)?
This fuel is boarded for a missed approach and a second approach at the destination airport.
- NAIFR SAP is 12 minutes of fuel, calculated using the estimated landing weight at 1,500 feet ASL in ISA conditions.
12 minutes of fuel, calculated using the estimated landing weight at 1,500 feet ASL in ISA conditions
added when operating without a Destination Alternate.
What is Reserve (RESERVE) fuel?
RESERVE is the fuel required to hold for 30 minutes at the destination airport, at the estimated landing weight and 1,500 feet ASL in ISA conditions. It is protected to the destination for NAIFR flights and to the destination alternate for all other flights. The Pilot-in-Command shall continually ensure that the amount of usable fuel remaining on-board is not less than the fuel required to proceed to an aerodrome where a safe landing can be made with the planned Reserve fuel
Can you Burn into RESERVE fuel?
No but if you do file an FOHR
What is Supplementary Fuel (SUPP)?
**Supplementary Fuel is an incremental amount of fuel to ensure that a planned minimum amount of fuel is available over destination.
**This “top-up” ensures that a specified minimum EFOB will be available over destination **and may be set in LIDO per AOM guidance. If the EFOB over destination during flight planning falls below this specified amount, SUPP is automatically added to bring the EFOB over destination up to the specified amount.
What is Taxi Fuel (TAXI)?
Taxi fuel amount that is statistically determined using historical taxi data for the departure airport, using all-engines taxi fuel flow
- Fuel for taxi-in after landing is not included in the fuel plan.
Is it possble for the sum for OFP Fuels to yeild a a Value that is slightly different?
Yes
Fuel Totals are generated by adding all the exact fuel category values and then rounding the value
What is the OFP Fuel Totals for Flight Fuel (FLIGHT FUEL)?
This is sum of all fuel categories that constitute the minimum planned fuel required from start of takeoff to landing in accordance with the Air Canada Rouge Fuel Policy
What is Take-off Fuel (TOF)?
This is the planned weight of fuel on-board at the start of take-off. It is the sum of FLIGHT FUEL and Extra fuel.
What is Block Fuel (BLOCK)?
The BLOCK fuel value is generated by adding all of the fuel category values shown in the PLANNED FUEL section of the OFP. It is the sum of FLIGHT FUEL, Extra fuel, and TAXI fuel.
What is Minimum Take-off Fuel (MIN T/O FUEL)?
MIN T/O FUEL is the sum of BURN, RESERVE, MEL, CONT 5 MIN, NAIFR SAP, ALTN, ETOPS and SDTO fuel values.
What is the minumum amount of fuel allowed before taking off?
Flight Crews shall ensure that at least th MIN T/O FUEeL specified in the OFP is onboard.
When should you contact dispatch for a possble OFP revision in terms for Fuel on board before pushing back and or after takeoff?
- It becomes apparent that there will be less than BLOCK fuel on-board at pushback.
- It becomes apparent that there will be less than FLIGHT FUEL at the start of take-off.
You have reached TOC and realize the AFOB is less than the MFOB over an OFP waypoint, what do you do?
Revised fuel plan** shall** be coordinated in consultation with Flight Dispatch.
What is the definition of Minimum Fuel Advisory?
The Pilot-in-Command shall advise ATC of a minimum fuel state by declaring “MINIMUM FUEL” when, having committed to land at a specific aerodrome (i.e., operating NAIFR or having dropped the alternate),
What is the definition of a Fuel Emergency?
The flight will land with less than Reserve
What is the exception to the question below?
*When should you contact dispatch for a possble OFP revision in terms for Fuel on board before pushing back and or after takeoff?
If it is not possible to contact Dispatch in a timely manner, commencing pushback without Extra fuels and a portion of Additional fuels is permitted provided the Pilot-in-Command is satisfied that the remaining fuel is sufficient for the flight. Foreseeable delays due to weather, ATC, and any other conditions that could delay the landing of the aircraft shall be considered. Dispatch shall be advised as soon as possible.
When is a Take-off Alternate required?
A take-off alternate is required when:
- The take-off will be conducted in visibility that is less than the Standard Take-off Minima of RVR 2600 or 1/2 statute mile, or
- The reported weather is below the landing minima (ceiling and/or visibility) that would allow an immediate return for landing on the departure runway or another suitable runway at the aerodrome of departure. CAT II or CAT III limits cannot be used in determining this landing minimum.
How far must a Take-off Alternate Airport Location and Distance be?
- In the case of a twin-engine aircraft, within the distance that can be flown in** 60 minutes at the one-engine-inoperative cruise speed (calculated with zero wind)***
- In the case an ETOPS approved twin-engine aircraft, within the distance that can be flown in 120 minutes at the one-engine-inoperative cruise speed (calculated with zero wind).
What is the Maximum Take-off alternate distance?
- 60 - 367NM
- 120 ETOPS - NA
At 320 IAS OI Cruise Speed
If on a TAF the forcast BECMG is forcasted to Improve, when can you use it for an Aternate?
At the end
If on a TAF the forcast BECMG is forcasted to deteriorate, when can you use it for an Aternate?
at the beginning
What are the No Alternate IFR Operations (NAIFR) requirements?
- Flights up to 6 hours
- must take off from North American, the Caribbean islands, or Bermuda
- must be landing within North America
- Flights from 6-8 hours
- must take off from and land within North America
- between 4-6 hours from the destinaation, you must check with Dispatch to make sure NAIFR is still acceptable
What are the Weather requirements for NAIFR in the US?
2,000 and 3SM
What are the Weather requirements for NAIFR in Canada?
1000-3 above the FAF ALT or
1500-6SM
What does a NAIFR destination ariport need in terms of Aerodome Equipment?
Two Sepeate runways and two suitable IFR approaches?
What does PANS-OPS stand for?
In aviation, PANS-OPS stands for Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Aircraft Operations. It refers to the rules and guidelines established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for designing instrument flight procedures, such as approach, landing, and departure paths at airports.
The PANS-OPS standards ensure that aircraft operations are conducted safely, particularly in poor visibility conditions, by providing specific criteria for flight paths. These procedures take into account obstacle clearance, weather conditions, and other flight safety factors to prevent collisions with terrain or obstacles during different phases of flight.
What does TERPS stand for?
TERPS stands for Terminal Instrument Procedures. It is a set of criteria and guidelines used by the United States for designing and evaluating instrument flight procedures, similar to ICAO’s PANS-OPS. TERPS is managed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and provides the framework for ensuring safe and efficient instrument approaches, departures, and enroute operations for aircraft.
Both PANS-OPS and TERPS serve similar purposes, but TERPS is specific to the U.S., while PANS-OPS applies internationally under ICAO standards. The two systems have slight differences in their design criteria, but they share the same overall goal: ensuring obstacle clearance and safe navigation in controlled airspace.
When should the APU be used?
Under normal conditions the APU should be started approximately 15 minutes prior to pushback.
If passenger comfort is a concern prior to this operate the APU with reduced loading as per the AOM (i.e., generator OFF or one pack OFF).
Cargo Fire or Smoke Indications at the Gate
Under certain conditions ground vehicle emissions may enter aircraft cargo holds and activate cargo fire or smoke detection systems. Discharging of aircraft cargo hold fire suppressants under these circumstances may not be appropriate and may cause harm to ground personnel.
Warning - Maintenance in Progress Card and Warning Tag
The tag is attached in such a manner that it is clearly visible to personnel working in the area and will show the name and employee number of the person conducting the work.
Maintenance in Progress Card will be draped over the thrust lever quadrant to indicate that Maintenance is working on the aircraft. T
- If power is off the aircraft and the Warning - Maintenance in Progress Card is over the thrust lever quadrant no part of any flight deck control shall be touched prior to speaking to the Maintenance person listed on the tag or a Maintenance Supervisor; or
- If power is on the aircraft and a Warning - Maintenance in Progress Card is over the thrust lever quadrant the Flight Crew may proceed with checks as long as:
a. No hydraulic systems are turned on or actuated; and
b. No engines (including APU) are started or motored; and
c. No flight control systems are turned on or actuated; and
d. No fuel systems are turned on.
Notice of Customs Inspection (K158)
CBSA will complete a Notice of Customs Inspection (K158) form and give it to the Air Canada Rouge mechanic that monitored the inspection. Should CBSA complete this inspection without an Air Canada mechanic present, CBSA will complete the form and leave it in the flight deck.
Flight Crews that observe a Notice of Customs Inspection (K158) form on the flight deck indicating that panels were removed or manipulated shall liaise with maintenance at the station to confirm the inspection panels affected are secured properly prior to flight.
What must be checked in the logbook to confirm the aircraft’s serviceability for flight?
Aircraft Journey Log (ACF619) and the Aircraft Defect Log (ACF619-1)
On passenger aircraft, the In-Charge Flight Attendant will review the Cabin Defect Log (ACF619-2) and will brief the Pilot-in-Command on outstanding Cabin Defect Log entries that may affect normal or emergency procedures or service on the flight.
if there are no FAs on board the Pilot shoul……?
review the Cabin Defect Log prior to departure.
Aircraft Logbook entries shall be?
legible, printed in block letters, entered in permanent dark ink (Blue or Black ballpoint pen)
Entries that are made in an Aircraft Logbook that contain an error that are administrative in nature (e.g., typographical, incorrect date, flight number or time) shall be corrected by the following means:
- strike out the incorrect entry so that the underlying information remains legible;
- add the initials and employee number of the person applying the correction;
- add a date if the correction was made on a date that is different from the log page date.
The Aircraft Journey Log (ACF619) constitutes the official permanent log of the aircraft. Time entries in the Journey Log are……
UTC, date entries are local date.
Aircraft first flight of the day is based on?
local time.
All defects shall be recorded in the Aircraft Defect Log…..
even if the aircraft is not operated.
In the event of defects occurring in the passenger cabin, all airworthiness defects shall
be recorded in the Aircraft Defect Log.
The MEL Preamble details the required Flight Crew action in the event an aircraft defect is discovered.
In all cases (ground and air) it is a CARs requirement that both…
Flight Dispatch and MOC be made aware of aircraft defects, that affect airworthiness in a timely manner.
If a defect occurs prior to pushback it should be deferred under…..?
MEL and an authorization number (also known as a MDDR number - refer to MEL Preamble) obtained by contacting MOC through Flight Dispatch.
What does MDDR stand for?
MDDR (Maintenance Defect Deferral Report)
If the defect cannot be deferred under MEL or requires maintenance action then MOC…..?
must be advised so they can make appropriate arrangements. If this occurs at a station where local maintenance is provided by Air Canada personnel, local maintenance may be contacted to conduct the required maintenance action.
After pushback is commenced and a defect is detected, all communication with Maintenance shall be with MOC through…?
Flight Dispatch.
Direct communication with station maintenance regarding malfunctions or abnormals after pushback or in flight is…?
not permitted.
When airborne, Flight Crews shall report all defects affecting airworthiness directly to MOC by using….?
ACARS SNAG transaction only.
Flight Dispatch is copied on all ACARs messages sent via this method and all subsequent replies. An Aircraft Defect Log entry shall also be made when time permits.
Defects that have previously been deferred under MEL will be indicated in the STATUS section of the…?
Aircraft Defect Log
The pink page of the three page set remains in the Aircraft Defect Log to determine the current deferred defects. Deferred defects shall be carried forward (transferred) to a new Aircraft Defect Log when the current pad is depleted. It is not necessary to repeat the defect unless significant additional information is included in the entry.
The term “Temporary Correction Notification” (TCN) will be used by MOC when……?
there has been a discovery of an** error** (minor or editorial) in a particular MEL item as shown in the current document that will be corrected at the next revision cycle.
Dispatch of Aircraft on Monitor
Aircraft monitors are raised to ensure?
defects requiring repetitive inspections are tracked enabling the rapid identification should a deterioration of the defect occur (e.g., windshield delamination, minor fuel leaks, oil consumption, etc.).
Monitors for aircraft systems or components shall be recorded in what secon of the Journey LOG?
Section 10 of the Aircraft Journey Logbook by MOC.
Cabin Defect Log - Passenger Aircraft
Whenever an entry is made in the Cabin Defect Log (ACF619-2), the Pilot-in-Command shall be?
advised as soon as possible. The Pilot-in-Command shall advise Maintenance using the ACARS as soon as possible of any defect.
Aircraft Defect Logbook
8.2.6 Aircraft Documentation
The aircraft shall have on-boar
- Aircraft Journey Log; and
- Aircraft Defect Log; and
- Aircraft Documents Pouch; and
- On-Board Library; and
- Cabin Defect Log (Passenger Aircraft only).