8. Tuberculosis Class,Patho And Dx

Question 1

Microorganism that causes tuberculosis?

Answer 1

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 2

Classification of tuberculosis

Answer 2

Active, latent
Pulmonary, extra-pulmonary
Primary, post-primary

Question 3

Pathogenesis of tuberculosis?

Answer 3

Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmitted from infected individual to another via aerosol droplets.
Travels to alveoli and initiates immune response from macrophages or stays latent.
Macrophages engulf bacteria but not all are engulfed.
Surviving bacteria hijack macrophages feeding on them and multiplying until macrophages burst releasing more bacteria.
Granuloma is formed to contain the area of infection.

Question 4

Diagnosis of tuberculosis?

Answer 4

Anamnesis and physical examination
CXR
US
PET
Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) >15mm induration diameter
Induced sputum test
Sputum smear test
PCR

Question 5

Symptoms of tuberculosis?

Answer 5

Chronic cough > 3weeks
Bloody sputum
Chest pain
Dyspnea