8:The Sans-Culottes And The Collapse Of The Constitutional Experiment

Question 1

Who were the sans-culottes?

Answer 1

Working class Parisian radicals

Question 2

What was the journée of 20th June 1792?

Answer 2

A mob of 8000 sans-culottes marched on Tuileries, carrying petitions for Louis to withdraw his wartime vetos. Louis delivered a speech, calming the crowds.

Question 3

What decree was issued on the 11th July?

Answer 3

‘La patrie en danger’-called on all men to support the war effort

Question 4

What was the Duke of Brunswick’s Manifesto?

Answer 4

• Arrived in the Paris in the 1st August
• Warned that any National Guardsman captured by the Austrians would be put to death without mercy if harm came before Louis

Question 5

Impact of the Brunswick Manifesto

Answer 5

Added fuel to the arguments of those who wanted to get rid of the monarchy

Question 6

What was the Journée of 10th August 1792?

Answer 6

20,000 sans-culottes and 2000 federes marched to Tuileries where Louis had 800 Swiss Guards defending him. 1000 sans-culottes errr killed, nearly all the Swiss Guards were massacred.

Question 7

Impact of the journee of 10th August 1792

Answer 7

The Paris Commune removes the King and royal family to the Temple prison.
The active/passive citizen distinction was ended.

Question 8

What was announced after Louis was sent to Temple prison?

Answer 8

All laws blocked by the suspensory veto would come immediately into force.

Question 9

What was set up on 17th August 1792?

Answer 9

A tribunal set up to prosecute traitors.

Question 10

What was announced on 26th August?

Answer 10

Refractory priests were given two weeks to leave the country.

Question 11

Who defected to the Austrians on 19th August?

Answer 11

Lafayette

Question 12

What news reached Paris on 1st September 1792?

Answer 12

That the last fortress blocking the way to the capital, Verdun, had fallen, causing mass panic.

Question 13

What did Danton announce to calm the panic?

Answer 13

30th August: He authorised house searches for weapons. 3000 were taken to prison.
2nd September: Conscription was enforced on pain of death.

Question 14

What were the September Massacres?

Answer 14

As panic rose, frenzied Parisian mobs killed 1500 prisoners in anger over supposed traitors
2nd September onwards

Question 15

Outcome of the September Massacres

Answer 15

Jacobins were blamed for the attacks

Authorities were shown to lack order to the mob

Question 16

What was the outcome of the vote?

Answer 16

Strong jacobin support base in Paris

20th September the New Convention opened.